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Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E. Finding Early Historical Evidence. Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence. Foundations Key Terms. Interaction and Exchange Urbanization Nomadic Peoples Axial Age Empires Spread of Religion.

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Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

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  1. Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

  2. Finding Early Historical Evidence • Types of Sources • Changing interpretations and new evidence

  3. Foundations Key Terms • Interaction and Exchange • Urbanization • Nomadic Peoples • Axial Age • Empires • Spread of Religion

  4. Role of Climate and Geography in Early Societies • Imagine how early societies may have been affected. • How do you think early peoples responded? • What difference would geography make in the long term development of a society?

  5. Population • Demography-the study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining to a human population • What factors influence population growth and decline? • Environmental • human

  6. Early Migrations

  7. Nomadic Peoples • Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people) • Labor/ leisure • Population growth • Gender relations

  8. Rise of Agriculture • Spontaneous separate development – why, where and when? • Diffusion of specific plants and techniques • Connected Technological changes • Pastoral societies • Africa, the Americas, Europe and Asia

  9. Nature of village settlements • This land is my land, not your land • Impact of agriculture on the environment • Introduction of key stages of metal use

  10. Birth of New Technologies • Fire • Bronze • Iron

  11. Civilizations?

  12. What is a Civilization? • Standard criteria: • ethics • material • Origins of term- • Complex cultures assume they are superior to barbarian cultures • Use of term?

  13. Basic Features of Early Civilizations • Different • Environments • Culture • State • Social structure • Know enough to compare them

  14. Early Societies • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus Valley or Harrapan • Shang or Yellow River (Huang He) • MesoAmerica and Andean South . American

  15. Egypt Predictable flood Mesopotamia Irregular flooding Comparison of Egypt and Mesopotamia

  16. What about ? Egypt Mesopotamia • Political System • Social Structures • Religion • Women’s Roles

  17. Early Societies • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus • Shang • Mesoamerica and Andean South America

  18. Shared Features

  19. Unique characteristics

  20. Urbanization • Comparisons between urban, pastoral and nomadic life

  21. Classical Societies • Axial age- • Why then? • Results: • Religion • Politics • Social Structure • Gender relations

  22. Axial Age Thinkers

  23. Empire Building • What does an empire require? • What do its subjects expect? • Symbols of legitimacy

  24. Symbols of Legitimacy

  25. Achievements • Greek science and philosophy • Roman law and architecture • Political organization in Han China • Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India

  26. Urbanization and Gender • How might gender roles be affected as peoples settled?

  27. Origins of World Belief Systems • Polytheism

  28. Origins of World Belief Systems • Hinduism

  29. Origins of World Belief Systems • Judaism

  30. Origins of World Belief Systems • Confucianism

  31. Origins of World Belief Systems • Daoism

  32. Origins of World Belief Systems • Buddhism

  33. Origins of World Belief Systems • Christianity

  34. Origins of World Belief Systems • Islam

  35. Diffusion of Belief Systems

  36. Collapse of Empires • Why do Empires fall?

  37. Interregional Networks of People by 600 C.E. • Silk Roads • Mediterranean trade • Indian Ocean trade • Meso and Andean American trading

  38. Silk Routes

  39. Mediterranean Trade Routes

  40. Indian Ocean Trade

  41. Conclusions • How do we know what we know? • How does change happen? • What results stem from interaction through migration, trade or pilgrimage? • Why do world historians need to pose questions differently than regional specialists?

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