1 / 26

A Kína T anulmány

A legnagyobb epidemiológiai vizsgálat a táplálkozás és a krónikus betegségek összefüggésében. A Kína T anulmány. Heath Trends since 1950. Overweight, obesity, NIDDM Dementias (AD = ‘Type 3 diabetes’) Hypertension: 25% of US adults (USDA 2000) Pre-hypertension: 30% of US adults (AR)MD

ward
Download Presentation

A Kína T anulmány

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A legnagyobb epidemiológiai vizsgálat a táplálkozás és a krónikus betegségek összefüggésében A Kína Tanulmány

  2. Heath Trends since 1950 • Overweight, obesity, NIDDM • Dementias (AD = ‘Type 3 diabetes’) • Hypertension: 25% of US adults (USDA 2000) • Pre-hypertension: 30% of US adults • (AR)MD • Eosinophilic GI disorders; ‘explosive growth’ (Noel et al ’04) • Non-tobacco related cancers: 100% increases • lymphoma, leukaemia, melanoma, germ cell tumours in teens & young adults (NCIC ‘04) • ADD/ADHD/dysphasia/dyspraxia (U. Washington ’05)

  3. Rising health costs WHO 2000

  4. Rising health costs 2006 19.7 WHO 2000

  5. Iatrogenic Deaths (USA) • Total > 250,000 / year (3rd leading c.o.d) • 7,000 - medication errors (in hospitals) • 20,000 - other hospital errors • 80,000 - hospital-acquired infections • 106,000 - adverse effects of drugs • 12,000 - unnecessary surgery Starfield B et al: JAMA 284:483-5 2000

  6. Reduced energy expenditure 1940 50 60 70 80 DoH ’98, USDA ’02, NIH ’03, NCHS ‘04

  7. Obesogenic culture (AHA ’03) Avge US adult sedentary 8 hours / day, < 2,000 steps / day (NYS Public Health Assocn ‘05) Amish 16,000 steps /day: obesity 9% women, 0% men (Bassett et al ’04)

  8. Positive energy balance 1940 50 60 70 80 DoH ’98, USDA ’02, NIH ’03, NCHS ‘04

  9. 1952

  10. 1952

  11. 2001

  12. The Western Diet • High fat & refined carbs • High calorific density • Low micronutrient / calorie ratios  Type B malnutrition • Foods which are energy-dense & low fibre: do not satiate  ‘passive over-eating’ (‘up-sizing’)  overweight

  13. Hardee’s ‘Monster Thickburger’ 1420 calories, 107 g fat: $5.49

  14. Real World Pyramid Pepsi Pizza

  15. Dietary shift 1950 - 1997 • World consumption of calories from meat increased 36% • “ “ calories from vegetable oil increased 46.2% • US & EU “ sugars and starches increased 35% • World consumption of calories from complex carbohydrates fell 38% • UK consumption of fresh vegetables fell 24% • Per capita income closely related to energy availability • In countries where per capita income increased, so did average caloric consumption • High-income nations derive most energy from sugars and fats – poorer nations catching up rapidly (USDA, Worldwatch, FSA, Drewnowski ’77 & ‘03)

  16. Nutrition in children & Adolescents • Most commonly eaten foods: bread, savory snacks, crisps, chips, boiled, mashed and jacket potatoes, biscuits, chocolate confectionery. • 5 veg / fruit per day: < 50% • 0 fruit per day: 20 - 30% • 0 veg per day: 4% • Dieting: 15% girls, 3% boys National Diet & Nutrition Survey 2000

  17. DIETARY SHIFT • Flavonoids 75% • Vit C 50-60% • Omega-3 50% • Methyl groups 95% • Carotenoids 40% • Phospholipids 50% since 1900 • Selenium 50% ” 1960 (UK) • Prebiotic fiber 50% ” 1960 (Fr) • Sterols 66% ” 1960 (SA) since Stone Age

  18. C E A B1 B2 NiacinFolate B6 B12 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 68 55 32 31 27 34 54 17 % % Depletion Vitamins (USDA 1997)

  19. Fat - but starving • W.H.O. ‘02: ‘Globally, overweight greater health problem than underweight.’ • W.H.O./F.A.O ’03: ‘Poor diet the major cause of degenerative disease’. • U.N. ’06: Overweight but malnourished • 40-60%hospital admissions malnourished(1-3) • 25-30% malnourished in the community J Nutr Hlth Ageing 3:133-139, ‘99 • > 3.6 million malnourished in UK (BANT ’07)

  20. MALNUTRITION TYPE A MICRONUTRIENTS CALORIES

  21. MALNUTRITION TYPE A TYPE B MICRONUTRIENTS CALORIES

More Related