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Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark

Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark. Sarah Elise Field Bailey Keeler Elizabeth Lillard Kristin Oliver . Relating to Our Lectures: Craniate Relationships. CRANIATES. Chondrichthyes. Sarcopterygii. Vertebrates. Osteichthyes. Actinopterygii.

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Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark

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  1. Using Teeth to Determine the Evolutionary Lineage of the Great White Shark Sarah Elise Field Bailey Keeler Elizabeth Lillard Kristin Oliver

  2. Relating to Our Lectures:Craniate Relationships CRANIATES Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Vertebrates Osteichthyes Actinopterygii

  3. Why Study Shark Tooth Evolution? • Sharks are cartilaginous • Teeth are calcified – long lasting • Good for pre-historic shark morphology, predation techniques, and environmental conditions. • Common ancestor with bony fishes: feeding behaviors can shed light on vertebrate feeding systems function and evolution. (Motta 2001, 132)

  4. Examples of Extinct Mako Teeth • Sharp, needle like teeth usually indicate a diet consisting primarily of fish. Pointy teeth are good for catching streamlined-slippery prey. • -elasmo-research.org (Images) -Shark Savers (text)

  5. Shortfin Mako Tooth • A modern day Mako tooth.

  6. Megalodon Tooth -Broadly Triangular, thick, with fine serrations. -ReefQuest

  7. OtodusObliquus • A direct descendent of the Megalodon (Carcharocles megalodon). A more triangular smooth blade. • ReefQuest

  8. Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) Broadly triangular, flattened, coarsely serrated. –ReefQuest

  9. Teeth Through the Ages

  10. Other Shark Teeth Morphologies • There are also benthic feeding sharks with plate-like teeth for crushing the shells of their prey, and filter feeders like the whale shark whose teeth are tiny and useless. (Shark Savers) Australianmuseum.net

  11. MEGALODON

  12. Megalodon

  13. Megalodon-Great White Theory (pros) • Tooth morphology • size and shape • Linnaean System (Early 1800’s) • Heterochrony • Size and shape are a result of differences in the timing of development • Vertebras • similar

  14. Discrepancies (Megalodon) (Great White) (Ciampaglio) (Ancestral Mako)

  15. Carcharodoncarcharias http://www.badhaven.com/special-features/great-white-shark-origins-debunked-with-new-fossil-evidence/

  16. Carcharodonhastalis

  17. Carcharodonhubbelliat the Pisco Formation

  18. Carcharodonhubbelli

  19. C. hubbelli Vertebrae

  20. Other Examples of Shark Teeth Nurse Shark Tiger Shark Whale Shark Lemon Shark Bull Shark

  21. ???????????

  22. Helicoprion!

  23. Early Theories

  24. Shift to Lower Jaw

  25. Most Current Theory

  26. Frill Shark!

  27. X 25 rows

  28. Conservation: Studying shark teeth sheds light on feeding strategy and environmental conditions which would allow conservationists to make more informed decisions regarding the ecosystems and prey necessary to sustain a population of Great Whites. Also, understanding their evolution could shed light on the possible adaptive strategies utilized by sharks in response to changing environments. Conservation

  29. Further Research

  30. Any Questions?

  31. Citations • Castro, J. I.Great white sharks: The biology of carcharodon carcharias. 1998. Ciampaglio, C. N., & Wray, G. A. Tracing the ancestry of the great white shark, carcharodon carcharias, using morphometric analyses of fossil teeth. 2006. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(4): 806.Ebert, D., and L. Compagno. Chlamydoselachus Africana, a New Species of Frilled Shark from Southern Africa. 2009. Zootaxa 2173: n. pag. Web.Ehret, Dana J. Origin of the White Shark Carcharodon (Lamniformes: Lamnidae) Based on Recalibration of the Upper NeogenePisco Formation of Peru. 2012. Palaeontology55.6: 1139-153. The Palaeontological Association. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.Lebedev, O. A New Specimen of HelicoprionKarpinsky , 1899 from KazakhstanianCisurals and a New Reconstruction of Its Tooth Whorl and Function. 2009. ActaZoologica 90: 171-82. Web.Manning, P.Giant shark: Megalodon, prehistoric super predator. 2000. New York: Media Source.Martin, A. Deep Sea: Frilled Shark. Deep Sea: Frilled Shark. 2003. N.p., Web. <http://elasmo-research.org/education/ecology/deepsea-frilled_shark.htm>.Motta, Philip J., and Cheryl D. Wilga. Advances in the Study of Feeding Behaviors, Mechanisms, and Mechanics of Sharks. 2001. Environmental Biology of Fishes 60: 131-56.Paul, L. & Fowler, S. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003) 2003. Chlamydoselachusanguineus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>Purdy, R.The Orthodonty of Helicoprion. Smithsonian Department of Paleobiology, 2008. Web.ReefQuest Center for Shark Research.Lamniformes: Mackerel Sharks. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. <http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/lamniformes.htm>.Renz, Mark.  Megalodon: Hunting the Hunter. 2002. PaleoPress. Shark Savers Inc. Shark Teeth. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.sharksavers.org/en/education/biology/shark-teeth1/>.Tanaka, S., Y. Shiobara, S. Hioki, H. Abe, G. Nishi, K. Yano, and K. Suzuki. The Reproductive Biology of the Frilled Shark, ChlamydoselachusAnguineus from Suruga Bay, Japan. 1990. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 37.3: n. pag. WebVenice Florida dot com!. Venice Florida- Shark and Sharks’ Teeth Information. Shark Teeth-General Info. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. <http://www.veniceflorida.com/shark.htm>.

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