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Minerals, Rocks and Fossils

Learn about minerals, rocks, and fossils and how they provide insights into the Earth's past. Understand the characteristics of minerals, the different types of rocks, and how fossils can reveal information about ancient environments and life forms.

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Minerals, Rocks and Fossils

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  1. Minerals, Rocks and Fossils

  2. What is a mineral? • Naturally occurring • Non-organic • Characteristic chemical composition • Distinctive physical properties • Crystalline structure

  3. Mineral properties • Color • Luster • Habit (Shape) • Cleavage & Fracture • Streak • Hardness • Other

  4. Color: Not mineral specific

  5. Metallic Non-metallic Luster: How minerals reflect light

  6. Mineral Habit (Shape) Shape a mineral takes if grown unimpeded Mineral Java Applet

  7. Cleavage & Fracture Cleavage: planes of weakness along which minerals can break Fracture: surfaces along which minerals can break

  8. Cleavage & Fracture Best identified on a fracture surface

  9. Streak: The powdered form of a mineral

  10. Hardness: Based on Moh’s scale of hardness

  11. Other Properties • Specific gravity • Reaction to acid • Striations • Magnetism

  12. Classifying Rocks • Rocks are classified by how they formed and what they’re made of • There are 3 general classes of rocks • Igneous Rocks…are formed when lava and magma crystallize to form solid rock • Metamorphic Rocks…are formed when an existing rock is partially melted, squeezed, or both • Sedimentary Rocks…are formed when sediments (sand clay, and silt) are compressed and become solid rock

  13. Igneous Rocks

  14. Metamorphic Rocks Schist Gneiss

  15. Sedimentary Rocks Shale Conglomerate Sandstone

  16. Fossils The remains or imprints of living things of the past found in Sedimentary rocks.

  17. Fossils provide information about life and conditions in the past.

  18. Fossils of Sea Creatures • Oceans once covered the area • What part of the ocean

  19. Fossils of Plants • Plant fossils can tell us about the ancient environment

  20. Animal Fossils • Animal fossils can tell us • About past environments • What the animal ate • How they lived

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