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Anth 321W Intellectual Background of Archaeology . MWF 9:00-9:55AM 008 Life Sciences Bldg. Potential Paper Topics. How has aerial photography changed archaeology? What gets published in Science and/or Nature?. Words: Where to look. Quantitative Literature Survey: An Example.
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Anth 321WIntellectual Background of Archaeology MWF 9:00-9:55AM 008 Life Sciences Bldg
Potential Paper Topics • How has aerial photography changed archaeology? • What gets published in Science and/or Nature?
Quantitative Literature Survey:An Example Possible Project: Explore a journal or a theme Eerkens, Jelmer W.2003 Trends in the geographic focus of American archaeology: an analysis of American Antiquity articles and Ph.D. dissertations. The Archaeological Record 3(1): 29-33.PDF (387 KB) • http://anthropology.ucdavis.edu/people/jelmer-w.-eerkens-1/pdfs/ArchaeologicalRecord2003.pdf
Texts: Where to Look? • JSTOR • Jstor.org • Internet Archive • Archive.org • DigitalBookIndex • http://www.digitalbookindex.org/about.htm • Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology • http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/anthropology/ • AnthroHub Berkeley • http://anthrohub.lib.berkeley.edu/ • Hakluyt Society • http://www.hakluyt.com/
How to Organize It? • Archives: Sources of Books & Articles • Bookmarks, Diigo, Delicious • Zotero, Mendeley, or other • Data Entities: Books & Articles • EndNote, ReffWorks, Mendeley, Zotero • Product: Text that you write • Outlines! • Text
Middle Range Theory • Merton • Binford
Processualism:Culture as extrasomatic adaptationChange not sui generis White Binford Ideology Economy Technology Environment
Feminist Archaeology • Explicit attempts to “see women” in the past were a relatively late development in archaeology • Processualists countered that clear methods were required. • Why aren’t such methods required to find males? • Gender is about socially constructed categories • “Gender doesn’t survive in the archaeological record” • Yet consider some “Laws” • Men hunt & women gather • Women make pots & men make plowshares • These laws tell us more about academic ideologies and cultural logic then they are inquiries of the past. • What one does not believe in one does not find. • Feminist and gender archaeology can help expose implicit assumptions that may shape interpretations.
Marxist Archaeology • Gordon Childe (1893-1957) • Marxist culture historian • Emphasized the relations of production • Reinterpretation of the three age system in terms of two socio-economic revolutions. • Neolithic revolution • Urban revolution
Anglo-American Marxist Archaeology • Marx is a starting point, not an end • Social relations are fundamental • Society is a whole, not parts • Contradiction and conflict are sources of change. The dialectic approach rejects the notion that society is a set of functional adaptations to external conditions. • Human action (praxis) is significant in creating history. Technological and environmental determinism are rejected. • People create knowledge, knowledge of the past depends on socio-political context. • Modern power relations are questioned.
Post-processual/Interpretive • Mosaic of theoretical positions and goals • No strict creed or intellectual messiah • What purposes are served by the creation of archaeological knowledge? Who is it for and how has it been used? • Material culture plays a role in how we make social relationships • Individuals must be a part of theories of material culture and social change • Archaeology has close explanatory ties with history