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Water Pressure and Quality Improvement Analysis

Water Pressure and Quality Improvement Analysis. Presented by: Kris Bruun Steve Roznowski 14 October 2008. System Setup. 480 Hour Simulation Connect Fire Nodes Verify Pipe Characteristics Allow 48 hours for the system to stabilize. Base System. Normal Pressures.

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Water Pressure and Quality Improvement Analysis

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  1. Water Pressure and Quality Improvement Analysis Presented by: Kris Bruun Steve Roznowski 14 October 2008

  2. System Setup • 480 Hour Simulation • Connect Fire Nodes • Verify Pipe Characteristics • Allow 48 hours for the system to stabilize

  3. Base System

  4. Normal Pressures • Met minimum requirements • Minimum was 59psi • No changes required to improve normal operating pressures

  5. Fire Demand • 3-story buildings at hydrants 1-5 • Demand of 2,750 gpm for 2 hours • 1-story buildings at hydrants 6-10 • Demand of 1,500 gpm for 2 hours • Improvements needed to meet 3-story demand • Southwest loop did not meet base requirement • Run at worst-case times • Maximum demand at lowest tank level

  6. Improved Fire Flow at Hydrants 2 and 10 Modified system with loops to improve flow in these areas.

  7. Fire Flow Improvement

  8. Age Analysis • For a 480 hour duration model: • Initial max age = 408 hours • Modified max age = 122 hours • Balance between cost and improvement • Added pipes to improve flow paths • Reduced storage tank level • Re-checked fire flows

  9. The pipes indicated by the red dots were added explicitly for age analysis.

  10. Chlorine Analysis • Tested at various clearwell concentrations • Maintain residuals of 0.2-4.0 mg/L • Lower is more cost-effective • Looped system increased residual levels • 2 mg/L at the clearwell was selected

  11. Chlorine Improvement

  12. Contaminant VX • Toxic nerve agent lethal at 50 µg/L if ½ L is consumed • Introduced at most vulnerable location • Point where flow diverges • At exit from the tank • 60 gallons introduced at 100 mg/L over 1 hour

  13. Contaminant Continued… • Looped system allowed contaminant to persist longer • Focus on defending key areas • Pressure increase may not be noticeable

  14. Contaminant Propagation

  15. Conclusions • Contaminant detection and security are best measures of defense • Increased efficiency increases risk of terrorism • A balance between cost and flow optimization must be found

  16. Questions?

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