Cambodian Millennium Development Goals

1. Where do we stand and where do we need to go?Monday, 6 April 20095th Asia Economic ForumDouglas Broderick, UN Resident Coordinator Cambodian Millennium Development Goals

2. Global Economic Crisis and CMDGs Economic crisis impacting ALL economies around the world It is a direct threat to our collective efforts to reach the CMDGs The UN is deeply concerned about impact will have on developing countries- particularly for the poorest of the poor. In a time of crisis, when more and more people face being pushed into poverty, world needs MDGs more than ever.

3. 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger • Achievements • Poverty declining • Overall food security improving • Maternal malnutrition decreasing • Chronic malnutrition decreasing

4. 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger • Gaps • Inequality is increasing • Acute Malnutrition among poor urban children increased • Rural Poverty still very high 35% versus under 1% in Phnom Penh

5. 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger • Recommendations 1. Parliamentary oversight 2. Pro-Poor Policies need- Strong democracy, rule of law and good governance 3. Increase economic competitiveness 4. Nutrition and Food Monitoring

6. 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic Education • Achievements • Primary Enrolments 93% • Primary Survival 59.3 % • Reduction in gender gap, male and female students

7. 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic Education • Gaps • 40% of children do not finish primary school • Lower and upper secondary enrolment still below targets • Gender inequalities increase in lower and upper secondary

8. 2. Achieve Universal Nine Year Basic Education • Recommendations 1. Quality of Education 2. Child Friendly Schools 3. School feeding programme 4. Increase scholarships 5. Link curriculum to job market needs

9. 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women • Achievements • Equality enshrined in Constitution • Cambodia signatory to CEDAW • More girls complete primary school • Vigorous work to mainstream gender • 21 ministries have Gender Mainstreaming Action Plans • Increased representation

10. 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women • Gaps • Discrimination continues • Cambodia ranks very low on international measures of gender equality • Violence against women • Domestic violence (1 in 10 women) • Gender equality not achieved for secondary education • Economic vulnerability of women • Links to MDG 5 and MDG 6

11. 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women • Recommendations 1. Support change in attitude and behaviour 2. Implement Law on Domestic Violence 3. Legally define “discrimination” and sanction acts of discrimination 4. Support vocational training for garment workers 5. Reduce vulnerability women migrants 6. Prioritize secondary education of girls

12. 4. Reduce Child Mortality & 5. Improve Maternal Health • 1 Cambodian woman dies every 5 hours • MDG 5 no progress since 2000 “No woman should die giving life”

13. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases • Achievements • On track for HIV & AIDS • 2% in 1998 to 0.9% in 2007 • 92% adults receiving anti-retroviral therapy • Decreasing incidence of malaria, dengue fever and TB

14. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases • Gaps • Prevalence among at-risk populations unacceptably high • Husband to wife (42%) • Mother to child (35%) • Key populations are also stigmatized sex workers, MSM, injecting drug users, out of school youth

15. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases • Recommendations • Focus prevention interventions to most at-risk • Supportive policy and legislative environment to prevent new infections • Universal access • Universal PMTCT services • Greater investments to protect orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS and other vulnerable children

16. 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Achievements • Forestry reform helping to maintain forest coverage • Eco-tourism sites established • Community fishery and community forestry • Access to safe water • Spotlight on sanitation in 2008

17. 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Gaps • Weak Institutional and legal framework to protect environment including climate change • Unsustainable resource use • Sanitation targets are off track

18. 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Recommendations 1. More accountability and coordination natural resource management including climate change consideration 2. Improve the living conditions of the rural poor

19. 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Achievements • Conservation of Angkor Temples • Sector-wide approaches • UNDAF 2006-2010 • Donors subscribe to Paris Declaration

20. 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Gaps • Overseas Development Assistance fragmented • Insufficient donor coordination on sectoral issues • Too many systems for procurement, disbursement, auditing and monitoring

21. 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Recommendations 1. At the country level, donors need to continue to support the Paris Declaration for Aid Effectiveness 2. At the global level, UN Secretary General is encouraging global cooperation.

22. 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim Assistance • Achievements • Casualty rates have dropped from 858 in 2000 to 266 in 2008 • RGC established landmine transparent mine clearance process • Socio-economic benefit to communities

23. 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim Assistance • Gaps • Need to continue good work until number of casualties is zero • Need to maintain victim assistance • Need more support for people with disabilities

24. 9. De-mining, UXO, Victim Assistance • Recommendations 1. Legislation for persons with disabilities 2. Increase funding to the CMAA 3. Sign the Convention to Ban Cluster Munitions