The World Energy Challenge: An Overview

1. The World Energy Challenge: A Very Brief Overview Engr 10

2. With your neighbor discuss • What are fossil fuels? • Why are they important? • Are they renewable? • Approx. what % of world energy use is fossil fuels?

3. What do you already know? Approximately what % of world energy use is fossil fuels? • 20% • 50% • 65% • 85% • 98%

4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_energy_consumption_by_fuel.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_energy_consumption_by_fuel.svg

5. COAL #2 Other #4 Natural Gas #3 OIL #1 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016

6. Energy Consumption by Region 2015

8. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016

9. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016

10. World Energy Consumption Projections EIA projects 48% increase in world energy consumption by 2040 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2016

11. Exxon world primary energy consumption projections to 2040 BP world primary energy consumption projections to 2035 EIA world primary energy consumption projections to 2040

12. World Electricity Generation by Fuel Type

13. Energy Production by Region

14. Oil billion At our current rate of usage, these reserves would last 42 years. http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9023769&contentId=7044915

15. 2013 Oil billion At our current rate of usage, these reserves would last 53 years! 229.6 42.1 147.8 808.5 329.6 130.3 Source of reserves data: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey, World Energy Council.

16. BP's 2015 Statistical Review of World Energy report

17. BP's 2016 Statistical Review of World Energy report

19. US remains largest producer of oil and natural gas https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=31532

20. What We Pay for in a Gallon of Gas http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/

21. Today’s Oil Prices (/bbl) http://www.oil-price.net/

22. Crude Oil Prices to Increase Slightly

23. What have you heard about the Keystone pipeline? Meclee: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keystone-pipeline-route.png

24. What do you already know? Which country is the #1 source of oil imports for the U.S.? • Russia • Saudi Arabia • Canada • Mexico • Venezuela

25. 3 out of 4 Americans think that the U.S. imports the majority of its oil from the Middle East, but it is only a quarter of U.S. oil imports. 60% of the oil that Americans use is produced in the U.S.

27. https://seekingalpha.com/article/3282985-crude-oil-whats-with-those-canadian-imports-ehhttps://seekingalpha.com/article/3282985-crude-oil-whats-with-those-canadian-imports-eh

28. Oil Imports to US http://www.visualcapitalist.com/animation-oil-imports-to-u-s-shifted-15-years/

29. Top Oil Imports to US https://www.eia.gov/peTroleum/imporTs/companylevel/

30. World Natural Gas Consumption https://www.ihs.com/products/natural-gas-chemical-economics-handbook.html

31. Proven Gas Reserves BP's 2016 Statistical Review of World Energy report

32. The Amazing Rise in U.S. Proven Natural Gas Reserves and Use, Jude Clement, Forbes.com

33. FRACKING BBC News, 27 Jun 2013

34. World Coal Consumption https://notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com/2015/07/30/coal-statistics-for-2014/

35. World Coal Consumption

36. http://www.theenergycollective.com/gail-tverberg/2396261/2017-the-year-when-the-world-economy-starts-coming-aparthttp://www.theenergycollective.com/gail-tverberg/2396261/2017-the-year-when-the-world-economy-starts-coming-apart

37. Proven Coal Reserves BP's 2016 Statistical Review of World Energy report

38. Fossil Fuel Depletion Good News • Continually finding new fossil fuel deposits • Many known, but untapped deposits Bad News • Fossil fuels, esp. oil and natural gas, will not last forever. • Even before they run out, as demand grows and availability shrinks, prices will skyrocket.

39. Fossil Fuel Challenges Non-renewable Depleting resources Increasing demand Is that all? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg

40. Air Pollution Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution from waste products • Particulates: small bits of burned fuel, causing smog • Ozone: nitrogen oxide & other gases react to create ozone near the earth’s surface • Sulfur dioxide: causing acid rain • Carbon monoxide: displaces O2 in blood, deprives brain, heart, etc. of O2

41. Fossil Fuel Extraction Causes Environmental Damage • Adverse environmental effects due to drilling, leakages, and spills include • Surface and ground water pollution • Drilling fluid (called mud) releases • Land subsidence • Land and wildlife disruption • Oil spills http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2387 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oiled_bird_3.jpg http://www.masstech.org/cleanenergy/important/envother.htm

42. Clean Air Act – We’re getting better! • Clean Air Act - resulted in significant improvements in the U.S. • Pollution 20 cars today = 1 car from 1960’s • Emissions reduced: CO by 33%, sulfur dioxide by 38%, volatile organic compounds by 42%, particulate matter by 75%, lead by 98% • Overall air pollution reduction approximately 48% • Hot spots of bad air pollution still exist http://www.dispatchesfromchina.com/2010/06/pass_the_mask.html

43. It’s Not All Good News Many developing countries do not yet have strict pollution regulations in place, and pollution is significantly worse than in the U.S. Mumbai Beijing London Baku, Azerbaijan http://www.dispatchesfromchina.com/2010/06/pass_the_mask.html http://blog.sustainablog.org/do-cities-located-by-the-water-have-a-sustainability-advantage/

44. Global Warming • The theory behind global warming - an increase in certain gases will cause more heat to be reflected, increasing the atmosphere’s temperature. • Burning of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of these greenhouse gases • Conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of 1,300 scientific experts from many countries: • Greater than 90% chance that human activities over the past 250 years have warmed our planet

45. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse glass • Allows short wavelength radiation from the sun • Reflects the long wavelength radiation inside • Trapping heat inside https://globalgreening.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/

46. http://see-the-sea.org/topics/pollution/air/green-house/greenhouse_effect.htmhttp://see-the-sea.org/topics/pollution/air/green-house/greenhouse_effect.htm Greenhouse gases have this same effect, causing our world to be warm.

47. Can You Name The Main Greenhouse Gases?

48. GHGs in Atmosphere • Water Vapor (H2O) • 36%-72% • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Fluorocarbons (CFCs) • Ozone (O3) • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) http://nlc-echs-groupthree.co.uk/greenhousegasses.aspx

49. Correlation Between CO2 and Temperature http://www.climatechoices.org.uk/pages/cchange3.htm

50. Correlation Between CO2 and Temperature Marian Koshland Science Museum of the National Academy of Sciences: Global Warming Facts and Our Futures, originally provided to that site by Kurt Cuffey, University of California, Berkely.