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The Prophets

The Prophets. Why the need for Prophets? Wasn’t God’s Word enough? Persistent Rebellion Religious Compromise Moral Collapse, from top down Changing Social Order Changing International Scene. The Prophets. Basic Premise of Prophecy: There are 2 realms in the universe

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The Prophets

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  1. The Prophets • Why the need for Prophets? Wasn’t God’s Word enough? • Persistent Rebellion • Religious Compromise • Moral Collapse, from top down • Changing Social Order • Changing International Scene

  2. The Prophets Basic Premise of Prophecy: There are 2 realms in the universe 1. Divine 2. Human How will communication take place between them?

  3. The Prophets • Man’s Way: Reach to God • Signs • Divination / Magic • Necromancy: communing with dead

  4. The Prophets • God’s Way: God reaching to man. • (See Numbers 12:6) • Vision • Dream (Joseph, Daniel) • Voice

  5. The Prophets What was a prophet? 1. Prophet (nabi): One who speaks for God 2. Seer (roeh): One who sees as God sees

  6. The Prophets General Functions of a Prophet 1. Forth-telling: Spokesmen for God 2. Fore-telling: Forecasters of future events

  7. Role of Prophets vs. Priests Priests: 1. Appointed for life 2. Represents the people before God 3. Minister to the people in the Temple 4. Concerned with religious ritual of outward symbols 5. Teachers as “informers” Prophets: 1. Called for specific task 2. Represents God to the people 3. Minister to the people in the cities and countryside 4. Concerned with internal righteousness of heart 5. Teachers as “Reformers”

  8. The Prophets Prophetic Beginnings 1. Abraham Genesis 20:7 2. Moses Deut 18; Exodus 20:18-21 3. Samuel 1 Sam 3:20

  9. The Prophets • Classes of Prophets • Oral (Speaking) Prophets • Primarily: 10th-9th century B.C. Primarily: Prophets to the Kings • Elijah 1 Kings 17-19 • Elisha 1 Kings 19

  10. The Prophets • 2. Classical (Writing) ProphetsPrimarily: 8th & 7th century B.C. Primarily: Prophets to the people • Major: Isaiah, Jeremiah • Minor: Amos, Hosea, Micah

  11. Themes of Prophets • Ethical Themes • Repent / Return to God bWv (Joel 2:12ff) • Personal Holiness: justice, mercy, humility (Micah 6:6-8; Is 1:10-17) • 2. Eschatological Themes • Coming of the “Day of the LORD” (Is 2, Joel 2) • Coming of the Messiah / Messianic Age (Is. 9:1-7, 42:1-4, 52:13-53:12; Jer 31:31-34) • Judgment on unbelievers /Salvation on God’s People

  12. The Major Prophets • Isaiah • Jeremiah (and Book of Lamentations) • Ezekiel • Daniel

  13. Prophet: Isaiah • Name: • Isaiah means: The LORD is salvation • Dating of Events: Isaiah 1:1 • Internationally, the setting was the rise of Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser, Sargon, Shalmanezer and destruction of Northern Israel in 722 B.C. • Nationally, Death of King Uzziah (740B.C.), Jotham, rise of King Ahaz (743-728 B.C.), and Hezekiah (728-697).

  14. Prophet: Isaiah Book Outline: Isaiah 1-39 Book of Judgment Isaiah 40-66 Book of Comfort Important Passages: Call of Isaiah 6 Sign of Immanuel 7-9 Comfort 40 Servant Songs 40-53

  15. Prophet: Jeremiah • Name: • Jeremiah means: The LORD appoints • Dating of Events: Jeremiah 1:1-3 • In the 13th Year of Josiah 640-609 B.C. • [Jehoahaz; not mentioned] 3 month reign • In the Days of Jehoiakim 609-598 B.C. • [Jehoichin; not mentioned] 3 month reign • Until the 11th year of Zedehiah 598-587 B.C. • Jeremiah served from 627-587 B.C.

  16. Prophet: Jeremiah • Overview of Jeremiah • Prophetic Utterances (Poetry) Jeremiah the Preacher Chap 1-25 Chap 30-31 Chap 46-51 Chap 26-29 Chap 32-45 Chap 52 Autobiographical (Prose) Jeremiah the Person

  17. Prophet: Jeremiah • The Call Chap 1:4-10 • The Warnings of Israel’s Sin Chap 2 • The Temple Sermon Chap 7 Chap 26 • Five Laments 11:18-12:6 Plot against Jeremiah • 15:10-21 Prosperity of Wicked • 17:14-18 Jeremiah’s Loneliness • 18:18-23 Another Plot • 20:7-18 Jeremiah’s Call

  18. Prophet: Jeremiah • The False Prophets Chap 27-29 • The New Covenant Chap 30-31

  19. Prophet: Ezekiel • NameEzek: Be Strong • El: God • Either as a prayer; May the Lord Strengthen • Or • A statement; The Lord will strengthen

  20. Prophet: Ezekiel • Vocation • Priest • Dating and Place of Ministry • It is interesting that the entire ministry of Ezekiel takes place outside of the boundary of Palestine in Babylon (597-571 B.C.) . . . But there are times when he speaks (or has a vision) as if he was in Jerusalem.

  21. Prophet: Ezekiel • Visions of God’s Glory • Chap 1-3 Vision of God as He sits on the throne • Chap 8-11 Vision of God departing the Temple • Chap 40-48 Vision of God returning to New Temple

  22. Prophet: Ezekiel • Outline of Ezekiel • Chap 1-3 Call of Ezekiel • Chap 4-24 Oracles of Judgment against Judah/Jerusalem • Chap 25-32 Oracles against other Nations • Chap 33-48 Prophecies of Hope to exiles

  23. Prophet: Daniel • Name: • Daniel means: God is judge • Dating of Events: • Dan 1:1 606 B.C. Daniel’s deportation • Dan 2:1 603 Daniel’s interpretation • Dan 5:31 539 Daniel’s handwriting • Dan 6:1 538 Daniel in Lion’s den • See also 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1

  24. Daniel - Traditional Prologue Material: Historical Material: Prophetic 12:13 Chap 1 2:1 6:28 7:1

  25. Daniel - Traditional Prologue Activity: Daniel Interprets Others’ Dreams Activity: Angel Interprets Daniel’s Dreams Causation 12:13 Chap 1 2:1 6:28 7:1

  26. Daniel Big Picture Question: Precisely, how does 2-6 relate to 7-12? Prologue History: Theology of History Visions: Theology of Eschaton God has acted graciously to the faithful and punished the proud We can wait faithfully, for God holds the future Chap 1 2:1 6:28 7:1 12:13

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