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Joint Geo-archaeological Project CNR-MAS in the Valley of Lakes

Joint Geo-archaeological Project CNR-MAS in the Valley of Lakes Gobi Altayn region ( Bayankhongor aimag , Bogd soumon ). Partners - National Research Council of Italy, Padua - Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar. Director Bruno Marcolongo CNR-IRPI Padua

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Joint Geo-archaeological Project CNR-MAS in the Valley of Lakes

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  1. Joint Geo-archaeological Project CNR-MAS in the Valley of Lakes Gobi Altayn region (Bayankhongoraimag, Bogdsoumon) Partners - National Research Council of Italy, Padua - Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar Director Bruno Marcolongo CNR-IRPI Padua Co-Director Gunchinsuren Byambaa MAS-IA, Ulaanbaatar Researchers involved 15 Duration from 2000 till present • Funds of co-financing • M.A.E. Region Veneto • 2000 2.500,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 2002 18.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 2003 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 90.000,00 Euro from Region Veneto • - 2004 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 80.000,00 Euro from Regione Veneto • - 2005 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • - 2006 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 80.000,00 Euro from Regione Veneto • - 2007 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E. • 60.000,00 Euro from Regione Veneto • - 2008 10.000,00 Euro from M.A.E..

  2. History and Objectives of the Project A first exploratory mission, accomplished in Mongolia on September 2000 on behalf of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the framework of the Italia-Mongolia "Protocol of Cultural Agreement", leads to the signature of an agreement of scientific cooperation ("Memorandum of Understanding") between National Research Council (CNR) and Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS). Owing to this, in April 2002 an international conference on "Italy and Mongolia: cultural relations and cooperation projects" is held at Research Area of CNR -Padova. Therefore a joint project is proposed for the evaluation of the Govi Altayn lakes region (Övörkhangay-Bayankhongor "aimags") potentialities, already singled out as prominent band containing not only environment resources (minerals, ground-water, flora and fauna), but also many cultural evidences (rock art, palaeontological and archaeological sites). Its favorable position, between Khangayn range to the North and Altayn range to the South, since ever acted as corridor of trading and diffusion of central Asia cultures towards East and vice versa. Rock inscriptions near Tsagaan Agui Cave and dinosaur's fully preserved skeletons in the locality of Bayanzag are only two of the most outstanding features met there. Moreover the abundance of lakes and smaller water bodies renders its landscape attractive for human settlement and economy (cattle-breeding and grazing). Last but not least, the area has not been so far covered by remotely sensed images studies and no any international co-operation mission is working there. Thanks to the financial contributions of the Ministry or Foreign Affairs and Region Veneto annual joint CNR-MAS summer expeditions has been realized so far (2002-2003-2004-2005-2006-2007), for geo-archaeological survey, excavation, ethnographic studies and interviews. Since 2004 also a cooperation actions in the social field started, with the drilling of 9 wells (1 in 204, 4 in 2005-2006 and 4 further ones in 2007) for the exploitation of groundwater resources , the restoration of a logistic base in Bogd ("Italia-Mongolia Centre for Scientific and Technological Cooperation") and a micro-credit line for the poor women of the "soum" of Bogd, Jinst and Bayanlig. Last but not least, various scientific missions have been received and sheltered at the Bogd base: 2004 University of Trieste-Dept. of Geology, directed by prof. Antonio Alberti; 2005 National Institute for the Mountain (IMONT), directed by Prof. Ennio Geromin; 2006 Speleological and Hydrogeological Iblean Research Centre (CIRS), directed by Dr. Rosario Ruggeri; 2007 University of Trieste-Dept. of Geology, directed by prof. Antonio Alberti.

  3. Area of intervention The area of intervention falls in the semi-arid band of Govi Altayn (Övörkhangay-Bayankhongor "aimag"), characterized by the presence not only of conspicuous natural resources (minerals, ground-water, flora and fauna), but also of many cultural evidences (rock art, "khurgan" and other archaeological sites). Its favourable position, between Khangayn range to the North and Altayn range to the South, since ever acted as corridor of trading and diffusion of central Asia cultures towards East and vice versa. Rock inscriptions near Tsagaan Agui Cave and dinosaur's fully preserved skeletons in the locality of Bayanzag are only two of the most outstanding features met there. In this framework, the village of Bogd has been chosen for the establishment of a stable base of the project in consideration of its logistic facilities (roads, telephone, fuel station, hospital, as well as the presence of an operating centre of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia), its central location and its wide variety of cultural evidences and environmental resources (fresh water, pasture for the cattle, soil for agricultural production improvement)

  4. Geo-archaeology Survey and excavation activities This cultural initiative matches not only the scientific interests of various scholars but also contributes to the valorization of the cultural heritage of Mongolia in the perspective of a growth of the international co-operation between friend peoples and complementary cultures and economies.

  5. Surveyed route by Joint Geo-archaeological Expedition CNR-MAS during various years Thank to the financial contributions of MAE/Dept. of Cultural Cooperation and Veneto Region/Dept. of International Relations , annual geo-archaeological expeditions to the field have been realized starting from 2002 and regularly conducted till present, to evaluate resources consistence. Understanding the tight relationships man-environment through time helps very much to develop a correct action of protection either for nature or for cultural heritage. In this picture, ethnographic studies are also inserted, particularly the analysis of nomadic popular traditions focussed to preserve cultures and economies deeply integrated in the delicate equilibrium of the investigated area. These geo-archaeological missions in the Valley of Lakes (Gobi Altayn region, Bayankhongor aimag), done by a joint Italian-Mongolian team, intend to realize the first step of an organic project of recovery of the cultural and natural heritage of an area lying between northern Khangay plateau and the southern Gobi Altayn chain. Since ever, this stretch of land plays the role of commercial and cultural corridor connecting Mongolia to Central Asia, Caspian and Mediterranean basins. At present, after six expeditions so far done during summer 2002-‘03-‘04-’05-’06-’07 and with a seventh one under accomplishment (May-July 2008), it is possible to recognize the tight relations between settlement patterns and environmental resources in the past and today.

  6. Cooperation in social fields - Restoration of the MAS base in Bogd - Drilling of borewells for drinkable water in Bogd soum - Microcredit for rural women in Bogd soum Since 2004 also a cooperation actions in the social field started, with the drilling of 9 wells (1 in 204, 4 in 2005-2006 and 4 further ones in 2007) for the exploitation of groundwater resources, the restoration of a logistic base in Bogd ("Italia-Mongolia Centre for Scientific and Technological Cooperation") and a micro-credit line for the poor women of the "soum" of Bogd, Jinst and Bayanlig.

  7. RESTORATION OF THE MAS LOGISTIC BASE IN BOGD with drilling of a bore wells for water supplies and solar panels installation co-financed by Region Veneto Visit to the logistic base of MAS in Bogd soum (Bayankhongor aimag) on August 2003, before the restoration realized in 2004 with co-financement of Region Veneto The complex of the logistic base of MAS after the restoration, done in summer 2004

  8. DRILLING OF BORE WELLS FOR DRINKABLE WATER in Bogd “soum” co-financed by Region Veneto Four deep water wells have been drilled and put into operation in Bogd soum of Bayankhongor aimag during 2006 Wells cabins were built and provided with equipment for water lifting and generator by the “Water Institute” of Bayankhongor aimag, as indicated by Mongolian Academy of Sciences and Italian-Mongolian Center in Bogd: - “School’s well” and “Stern-center’s well” for water supply to the soum center - “Eastern center’s well” and “Black hill brigads’s well” for supporting pasture growth. Each of these cabins has been equipped with barrels of 500 liter capacity, Italian water lifting equipment “ MASTRA-95” and Japanese generator “ MOTOYAMA – 2500-3500”. Roof thermal insulation and heater have been placed too. Wells construction phases are shown in photos. Well for drinkable water at pupils school in the center Bogd sum in Bayanhongor aimag. September 03.2006 Process foundation of well building. September 19.2006. Delivery of “School‘s well” to local Government. From left Tserennamjil (agronomist), Suhbaatar (engineer), Ganzorig (soum’s Governor) Bogd sum of Bayankhongor aimag “East river’s water supply well” for pasture September 08.2006 “East River’s well” building materials are delivered to the site. Installing the pump “ MASTRA-95”

  9. MICRO-CREDIT FOR RURAL WOMEN IN BOGD SOUM (BAYANKHONGOR AIMAG) implemented by Foundation for the Empowerment of Rural Women -FERW co-financed by Veneto Region The Foundation for the Empowerment Rural Women (FERW) is implementing the Project “The Micro Loan for Rural Women in Bogd sum, Baynkhongor aimag, Mongolia” which aims to create income and employment in poor women who live in Bogd sum, Baynkhongor aimag. The report submitted at the end of 2007 describes the main activity implementation of “Micro Loan” Project from July, 2007 to December, 2007. Main activities throughout the reporting period were selection and formation of 14 groups and disbursement of the 13.000.000 MNT equivalent to 11.092 USD from the loan to the formed groups. MOBILE KINDERGARTEN for the CHILDREN of BOGD SOUM The objective of the “Mobile Kindergarten” Project is to assist and guide parents of the nomad families to raise and educate their children in family environment pre-school ages and help children to become successful pupils in future. “Mobile Kindergarten” Project was submitted to Veneto Region for funding in September, 2007 and was approved in October, 2007. After the first installment of USD 14321, made in November 02, 2007 the Project has purchased proposed materials according to the Project proposal.

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