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Urban Water Issues in Indian Cities

Main Points for Water Supply . High Urbanization.Dependability on the source.Intermittent supply.High non-revenue water (Full cost recovery).Coverage of 100% supply of drinking water.Coverage of 100% sewerage connection.Importance for non potable water distribution (Dual water supply)Lack of asset management

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Urban Water Issues in Indian Cities

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    1. Urban Water Issues in Indian Cities

    2. Main Points for Water Supply High Urbanization. Dependability on the source. Intermittent supply. High non-revenue water (Full cost recovery). Coverage of 100% supply of drinking water. Coverage of 100% sewerage connection. Importance for non potable water distribution (Dual water supply) Lack of asset management & energy management. Low tariff. Centralized vs De-centralized supply. 2 28/3/2011

    3. 3 28/3/2011 Water Demand and Supply in Indian Cities

    4. Water Supply in Indian Cities 4 28/3/2011

    5. Urban Water Supply 5 28/3/2011

    6. Surface Water Supply in Cities Major source of supply. Intermittent and erratic. Pressure is not acceptable. 6 28/3/2011

    7. Groundwater Supply in Cities Significant source of supply Unplanned and not quantified Subjected to mainly chemical contaminants and quality is a great concern 7 28/3/2011

    8. Alternate Sources of Water Supply in Cities Rainwater / Stormwater Harvesting, water vendors through Tankers Major source of supply during emergencies Water quality is highly questionable 8 28/3/2011

    9. Bangalore City – Example Capacity of Piped Water Supply * The Cauvery Water Supply Stage IV-Phase-II is under implementation and will be completed by 2011 ** The quantity from TG Halli (60 MLD) might be very less in these days 9 28/3/2011

    10. Supply and Demand Curve 10 28/3/2011

    11. Piped and Groundwater Supply 11 28/3/2011

    12. Urban Water Use Cycle 12 28/3/2011

    13. Urban Watersheds Management of urban watersheds – covering the entire urban water use cycle 13 28/3/2011

    14. Challenges related to Freshwater 14 28/3/2011

    15. Bangalore City - Example Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, Nitrates, Total Dissolved Solids and Coliforms. Nitrate - 50 mg/ L to 747 mg/L. Coliforms - 23 MPN/100 ml. Analysis of 918 water samples at 735 locations - 370 locations (50.34%) groundwater is not suitable for drinking purpose. In these samples at least one of the four parameters crossed the permissible range. 15 28/3/2011

    16. Challenges related to Wastewater Wastewater end up in urban drains and water bodies resulting in Low DO levels Addition of nutrients Increase in turbidity of receiving streams High public health risk potential due to microbial contamination 16 28/3/2011

    17. Sewage generation and treatment in Class I cities and Class II towns 17 28/3/2011

    18. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) status There exist STPs having 6190 MLD capacity while another 1743 MLD capacity is being added The existing treatment capacity is just 18.6 % of present sewage generation and another 5.2 % capacity is being added The actual capacity utilization of STPs is only 72.2% and as such only 13.5 % of the sewage is treated 18 28/3/2011

    19. Challenges related to Stormwater In urbanized areas, with increased impervious surfaces, causes urban flooding Degrades water quality of receiving water bodies Increases the cost of water and wastewater treatment 19 28/3/2011

    20. IUWM – Freshwater Management 20 28/3/2011

    21. Protection of Surface Water Bodies Reduce and prevent pollution from point and non-point sources Restore damaged ecosystems Increase water quality monitoring with increased sampling and analysis frequency Surface water quality objectives based on the specific use 21 28/3/2011

    22. Protection of Groundwater Aquifers Regulation on the spatial and temporal pumping of groundwater and use artificial recharge system. Regular monitoring of quality of groundwater Understanding the interaction of groundwater to surface waters in sustenance of natural water resources 22 28/3/2011

    23. Optimization of Treatment of Water To look at innovative, simpler and cheaper techniques in order to improve water quality To consider dual water supply system for drinking and other purposes so that the stress on drinking water system comes down heavily 23 28/3/2011

    24. Management of Treated Water during Distribution and Storage Regulation of maintaining water quality standards in distribution systems Maintain minimum residence time Regular monitoring at storage and other junctions Flushing and maintenance of storage facilities 24 28/3/2011

    25. IUWM – Wastewater Management Improved and increase in wastewater treatment Centralized wastewater treatment option for industrialized and high density housing Decentralized wastewater treatment option for commercial and residential development 25 28/3/2011

    26. IUWM – Stormwater Management Segregation of storm water drains from sewers Maintenance of the structural component of stormwater drains Stormwater harvesting by leading water to tanks, water sanctuaries and as recharge source to groundwater 26 28/3/2011

    27. Integration with Modern Tools Modeling approach and techniques to assimilate and simulate essential information of all water bodies Develop appropriate modeling tools for the analysis of the integration of urban water cycle components Implementation of decision support systems to mitigate potential risks to water cycle components 27 28/3/2011

    28. Key Points in Urban Water Management Delivery of drinking water to all consumers Improved and increase in wastewater treatment Stormwater drainage and management Maintain the urban hydrological cycle with increased infiltration and groundwater recharge and maintain natural water resources 28 28/3/2011

    29. Key Points in Urban Water Management Reduce pollutant loads from various sources in water bodies Improve structural maintenance of water supply infrastructure to increase their efficiencies Improved and increased use of alternate sources of water harvesting, recycle and reuse of reclaimed water 29 28/3/2011

    30. Key Points in Urban Water Management Use of aquifer storage and recovery techniques. The manthra of 3R’s – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The concept of zero discharge. Dual water supply system will be beneficial in new areas of layout. Decentralised water supply is efficient and economical. Information and Communication (IC) tools should be used. All Indian cities should strive to achieve a 24/7 water supply by considering the above issues. 30 28/3/2011

    31. New Technologies in Urban Water Management Cost effective waste water treatment systems at different scales for water recovery. Monitoring of Urban water systems as smart systems. New technologies in desalination for drinking water. Engineered wetland systems. Towards implementation of water safety plans. 31 28/3/2011

    32. Success stories 24x7 water supply to parts of Hubli-Dharwad and Belgaum Management of Water supply to cities like Mysore by private agencies to bring in efficiency Rain water Harvesting at Massive scales in Chennai and Bangalore by initiative of water boards

    33. Success stories Recycling and Reuse of wastewater through use of Membranes River Bank filtration for recovery of good water in Uttarakhand Many schemes developed & used for of de-fluoridation of drinking water Desalination plant at several places Water Budgeting in small town

    34. Thank you 34 28/3/2011

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