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Ehrlichiosis ( Rickettsial disease)

Ehrlichiosis ( Rickettsial disease). Presented By : 2014-VA-92 2014-VA-93 2014-VA-94. INTRODUCTION Cani n e E h r lichiosi s (Canin e m o n o cytic Ehrlichiosis ).

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Ehrlichiosis ( Rickettsial disease)

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  1. Ehrlichiosis (Rickettsial disease) Presented By : 2014-VA-92 2014-VA-93 2014-VA-94

  2. INTRODUCTION CanineEhrlichiosis (Canine monocytic Ehrlichiosis) • This is a rickettsial disease caused by Ehrlichiacanis and is characterized by pancytopenia   Dr Ehrlichia described this organism Hence it was name as Erhlichiasps.

  3. CharacteristicsofE-canis • They are gramnegative. • pleomorphic coccobacillirickettia. • Obligatoryintracellular . • E.canisusuallyappearsin monocytesasaclusterof • organism called asMORULAE.

  4. Etiology • EHRLICHIA CANIS • They are richkettsialorganism. • { Theyare intermediatebetweenVIRUSESand BACTERIA.} • E canis is transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalussanguineus.

  5. Experimentally it can also be transmitted by Dermacentor variabilis.

  6. Host for thisdiseaseismembersofcinidae family{fox , jackel , dogetc}. • German shepherd dogs are mostsusceptible.

  7. Epidemgy • It has world wide distribution including Asia ,Africa andAmerica. • Australia is free ofE.Canis.

  8. Transmission:- • Ticks aquired E.canis while feeding on infecteddog. • this ticks carrying E.canis transmit to other Dogs upon feeding onthem.

  9. PATHOGENESIS:- • Host get infection through tickbite • E.canis enters intohost • Ecanis adhere tomembraneof Monocytes

  10. through endocytosis enters into thecell • Divide by binaryfission • They formmorulae

  11. Release of organism throughruptureof morulae • They spread to adjacent cells through cytoplasmic projections • Spread throughout thebody

  12. Thereincludesthree phases:- • Acutephase • Persistence subclinicalphase • Severe chronicphase

  13. Once the organism enters the body causes ACUTE PHASE. • Which is characterised by:- • Upto 4weeks • Fever • SevereThrombocytopenia

  14. During thistime the plateletcountwilldrop due an immune-mediated platelet destruction. • The dog will be listless, off food, and mayhave enlarged lymphnodes. • Most dogs clear the organism if they are treated in this stage. • but those that do not receive adequate treatment will go on to the nextphase.

  15. SUBCLINICALPHASE: • In this phase, the dog appearsnormal. • The organism has sequestered in the spleen. • Dogs can stay in this phase for months or evenyears. • Intermittentfever ,mildThrombocytopenia and anaemia.

  16. CHRONICPHASE: • Charecterised by:- • Severe pancytopenia • Fever , wide spread petechia andedema. • Death duetosecondary bacterial infection.

  17. CLINICAL SIGNS:- • Thereare no signs of the subclinicalphase. • Fever , Anorexia,lethargy ,weightloss.

  18. Epitaxis,

  19. Petechialhaemorrage

  20. OCULAR SIGNS:- Retinal haemorrhage,retinal detachment

  21. Neurologic effects may also be seen.{due to meningeal bleeding} • Glomeruloneprhitis, resulting in serious urinary protein loss, can alsoresult. • Increased globulin levels are alsoseen.

  22. POST MORTAM LESIONS:- • Petechial haemorrhageseen on serosal surface of organs like lungs ,kidney ,brain, nasal cavity GItract. • Generalised Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and Hepatomegaly

  23. Postmortem Lesions: • During the acute or self-limiting phase of E canis infections, lesions generally arenonspecific, • but splenomegaly iscommon.

  24. In chronic cases:- • these lesions may be accompanied by widespread hemorrhage • increased mononuclear cell infiltration in perivascular regions of manyorgans. Intestines LUNGS Kidneys

  25. DIAGNOSIS:- • Clinicalexamination • Hemotology and Serumbiochemistry • Dot ELISA kit @fieldlevel • Molecular test–PCR • Serological test

  26. Blood smear examination { to find MORULA in Monocytes}.

  27. TREATMENT:- • Doxycycline(5-10mg /kg/day) {PO/IV} for 21-25days. • OXYTETRACYCLIN–( 5-10 /Kg /day){I/V} for 21-25days. • Supportive therapy ( in anaemia ) – Blood transfusion ifHb • concentration is<4%. • short term (2-7days)therapy with low immunosuppressive doses of Glucocorticoides{1-2mg /kgprednisolone,prPO} • This may bebeneficialearly in the treatment period when severe Thrombocytopenia ispresent.

  28. Prevention:- Tick control is the most effective method ofprevention. Novaccinesn areavailable. Chemoprophylaxis by using tetracylin @6.6mg /kg . Precautions should be taken while tranfusion ofbloodProper Removal Of A Tick!

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