1 / 30

Chapter 13: Global Climate

Chapter 13: Global Climate. A world with many climates Climatic classification - the Köppen system The global pattern of climate. Global Temperatures. Controls on climate:.

wayne-barron
Download Presentation

Chapter 13: Global Climate

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 13: Global Climate • A world with many climates • Climatic classification - the Köppen system • The global pattern of climate

  2. Global Temperatures • Controls on climate: - intensity of sunshine and its variation with latitude- distribution of land and water- ocean currents- prevailing winds- location of high and low pressure areas- mountain barriers- altitude

  3. Fig. 13-1, p. 355

  4. Global Temperatures • “Bending” of isotherms near the continents • Isotherms are west to east (solar radiation) • Coldest temperatures over the interior of continents, warmest in subtropical deserts

  5. Global Precipitation • Where air is rising, expect rain. Sinking air, expect a dry climate • ITCZ produces a tremendous amount of rain • Influence of orographic uplift and rain shadows

  6. Fig. 13-2, p. 356

  7. Stepped Art Fig. 13-2, p. 356

  8. Climatic Classification - the Köppen System • Tropical moist climates - average temp. Always above 64°F. Basically no winter • Dry climates – deficient precipitation. Evaporation and transpiration greater than precipitation • Moist midlatitude climates with mild winters – warm-to-hot summers, mild winters. Ave. temps. coldest month between 64°F and 27°F • Moist midlatitude climates with severe winters – warm summers and cold winters. Ave. temps warmest month between 50°F and 27°F • Polar climates – Extremely cold winters and summers. Ave temp between 50°F in warmest month. No summer.

  9. Climatic Classification - the Köppen System • Criticized because: • Boundaries do not relate to natural boundaries in climatic zones • System implies sharp changes. In reality, they are more subtle

  10. Fig. 13-6, p. 361

  11. Stepped Art Fig. 13-6, p. 361

  12. The Global Pattern of Climate • Climate regions vary due to local effects

  13. Tropical Moist Climates (Group A) • Tropical rain forests and monsoons are included in this category. • Tropical wet (Af) • Warm all seasons • Lots of rain • N and S of equator to 15° to 25° • Rainfall greater than 59 in.

  14. Tropical Moist Climates (Group A)

  15. Tropical Moist Climates (Group A) • Tropical monsoon (Am) • Precip drops below 6 cm for one or two months • Annual precipitation amounts are similar to Af

  16. Tropical Moist Climates (Group A) • Tropical wet and dry (Aw) • Distinct dry season • Jungle can not survive • Savanna grass

  17. Dry Climates (Group B) • Arid (Bw) • Deficient precipitation • Sonoran and Mojave deserts (Rain shadow)

  18. Dry Climates (Group B) • Semiarid (BS) • Transition between arid and more humid climates

  19. Moist Subtropical Mid-latitude Climates (Group C) • Humid subtropical (CfA) • Humid and mild winters • Eastern and western Regions of most continents • Hot, muggy summers • Mild winters • Snowfall is rare

  20. Moist Subtropical Mid-latitude Climates (Group C) • Marine (CfB) • Summers are cool • Long summers • Mountains that parallel coast have effect • Clouds and drizzle

  21. Moist Subtropical Mid-latitude Climates (Group C) • Mediterranean (Cs) • Dry summers, influenced by the subtropical highs

  22. Moist Continental Climates (Group D) • Warm to cool summers, cold winters • Winters are severe (cold, snowstorms) • Controlled by large landmasses (N.H.) • Coldest month average below 27°F • Can still have trees

  23. Moist Continental Climates (Group D) • Humid continental with hot summers (Dfa) • Latitude 40°N to 50°N • Precipitation between 20 and 40 in. • Hot summers (exceed 90°F)

  24. Moist Continental Climates (Group D) • Humid continental with cool summers (Dfb) • Cooler and less humid than Dfa • Hot spells shorter • Winters long, cold windy • Large temperature range like Dfa

  25. Moist Continental Climates (Group D) • Severe winters, short summers • Only 1 month w/ mean temp > 50°F • Large temperature ranges • Precipitation is light • Boreal climate • Subpolar (Dfc)

  26. Polar Climates (Group E) • Always low temperatures • One type has at least one month above freezing…one doesn’t

  27. Polar Climates (Group E) • Polar tundra (ET) • Always low temperatures (warmest month < 50°F • Permafrost is abundant/Low precipitation amounts • Tundra vegetation (mosses, scattered wooded areas • Large temperature ranges

  28. Polar Climates (Group E) • Polar ice caps (EF) • Average temp always below freezing • No plants • Covered in snow and ice • Little precipitation • Katabatic winds present

  29. Highland Climates (Group H) • Altitude effects are similar to latitude effects

More Related