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Evolution of Plastic Surgery: From Ancient Techniques to Modern Advancements

Explore the history of plastic surgery, from ancient Indian practices to the latest innovations and future challenges. Learn about the origins of reconstructive surgeries, the advancements during war times, the establishment of professional organizations, and the impact of technologies like silicone implants and Botox. Discover how plastic surgery has evolved over the centuries to become a popular and constantly developing field aiming to enhance patient outcomes and recovery experiences.

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Evolution of Plastic Surgery: From Ancient Techniques to Modern Advancements

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  1. Introduction to Plastic Surgery By: Heather Harding

  2. “Plastikos” • The term “plastic surgery” is derived from the Greek word “Plastikos” • Means to mold or give form

  3. When was the first reconstructive surgery performed? • As early as 2,000 BCE in India as a form of punishment! • In 600 BCE Sanskrit texts described reconstruction of a mutilated nose using tissue from the cheek

  4. RenaissanceTimes • Primarily rebuilding of nose • Start of experimentation with Indian ideas of using local and distant tissue to reconstruct wounds

  5. War Times • The need for reconstructions launched during World War 1 • Massive disfiguration of burn victims creates new challenges to surgeons

  6. European surgeons Maliniac and Aufricht launch The American Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS) 1st division of Plastic Surgery in a public hospital is formed By the late 1930s The American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) is created-qualification as plastic surgeon 1920s-1930s Maliniac Aufricht

  7. 1940s • The Journal • Debuted in 1946 • Forum for Plastic Surgeons to share their knowledge/discoveries • Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation (PSEF) • Founded in1948 • Supports education on plastic surgery to surgeons and public • Awards scholarships & prizes • Seminars and meetings • Exchange programs w/physicians around the world

  8. 1950s • ASPRS is fully board certified • Communication with the public heightens • Television • New innovations • Latest innovation is internal wiring for facial fractures • Being tested in hospitals in Korea

  9. 1960s • Public exposure increases number of procedures being performed • Silicone development • Initially used to treat skin imperfections • 1962 begins usage as breast implant device

  10. Personal advertising of surgeons is banned Specialties and individual procedures start getting marketed through brochures Flame retardant children’s clothing is developed 1970s & 1980s Plastic Surgery

  11. 1990s • Internet • Websites for surgeons to post questions, get answers and share procedure info • ASPRS becomes ASPS to assure that plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery are the same • Silicone Implant Crisis due to complications • Links to illness • The Horrors of Breast Implants is released nationally on TV • Toll free hotline is set up regarding silicone implant safety • Silicone implants can only be used for reconstruction under clinical studies • Health Care Reform • Insurance companies are required to cover cost of reconstruction breast surgery for women who have undergone a mastectomy

  12. 2000s • Botox approval: average 1.1 million injections/year • 10 deaths leads to 3 month pause of office based surgery • Improved Public Perceptions • Magazines and TV shows • By 2006 16.2 million+ surgeries are being performed annually • Reintroduction of Silicone Implant • General patient usage is approved in 2006 after tests prove no connection to illness

  13. Future Challenges • Reducing surgical scarring and patient recovery time • Scar-less healing takes place in the womb, researchers are trying to unlock the secrets of the growth factor environment of it to apply to wounds

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