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Dipropylene Glycol Effects on Staph Survivorship

Investigating the impact of Dipropylene Glycol emitted from candles on the survivorship of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Dipropylene Glycol Effects on Staph Survivorship

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  1. Dipropylene Glycol Effects on Staph Survivorship Henry Shaver Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School Grade 9

  2. Background - Wax Candles • Research suggests scented wax candles generate indoor air pollutants • These indoor air pollutants have been shown to cause numerous health problems • Contains dangerous chemicals benzene and toulene

  3. Dipropylene Glycol (DPG) • High purity product • Designed for use in odor sensitive applications • Found in perfumes, colognes, skin and hair products, deodorant and candles. • Variable in experiment

  4. Microbial Flora • Present in the respiratory, urinary, and digestive tracts, as well as the skin. • Consist of mostly bacteria, and few protist and fungi • Most are harmless, but some can cause diseases • Influences human anatomy, physiology, and overall health • 10^14 bacteria are harbored within and on humans

  5. Gram (+) Bacteria • Most pathogenic bacteria in humans are gram (+) organisms • Simple cell wall • Some antibiotics work against the cell wall

  6. Staphylococcus epidermidis(Staph) • Gram (+) • Found on skin or in nose of healthy individuals • One of the several bacterial parts of the lung microbiome • After incubation in agar, form ½ - 2 mm colonies that are easily counted • Can produce bio films • Form clusters • Normal flora of the respiratory tract

  7. Rationale • Dipropylene Glycol can be emitted from candles in low concentrations • Could Dipropylene Glycol released from candles affect microflora of the human body? • Purpose: To determine the effects of Dipropylene Glycol on Staph survivorship

  8. Hypotheses • Null: The various concentrations of Dipropylene Glycol will not have significant effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis survivorship • Alternative: The various concentrations of Dipropylene Glycol will significantly reduce the survivorship of Staphylococcus epidermidis

  9. Materials • YEPD Agar Plates • LB (Luria Broth) media (0.5% yeast extract, 1% tryptone, 1% sodium chloride) • Micropipettes • Sterile micropipette tips • Sterile dilution fluid (100mM KH2PO, 100mM K2PO4, 10mM MgSO4 1m NACL) • Staphylococcus epidermidis • Dipropylene Glycol (10% stock was made) • Vortex • Sterile test tubes and Rack • Incubator (37 ° C) • Ethanol • Side arm flask • Burner • Spreader Bars • Sharpie

  10. Procedures (Liquid Pulse) • Staph was grown until a density of 50 klett spectrometer was reached. This was approximately 10^5 cells/ml. • The culture was diluted in sterile dilution fluid to a concentration of approximately 10^5 cells/ml. • Pipetted appropriate amounts of Dipropylene Glycol and Sterile Dilution Fluid into 4 test tubes. • Vortexed each test tube to obtain mixed solution • Added indicated amount of Staphto each individual test tube. Solution incubated at room temperature for fifteen minutes.

  11. Chart of Concentrations

  12. Procedure (Liquid Pulse) • Pipetted 0.1mL from each test tube on the LB agar plates and spread. • Incubated plates at 37° C for 24 hours. • The number of Staph colonies were counted and recorded

  13. Dipropylene Glycol Effect on Staph (Liquid Pulse) P-value: 1.3E-6

  14. Dunnett’s Test

  15. Conclusion • Dipropylene Glycol appeared to have a significant negative effect on Staph survivorship • In the Dunnett’s Test, every group but 0.01% showed significant variation from the control • Reject the null hypothesis at 0.1% and 1%

  16. Limitations • Only survivorship assessed • Spread plating may not have been synchronized (human error) • Limited number of replicates • Only one exposure time

  17. Extensions • Growth experiment • Test different chemicals from candles • Other microbial models to assess skin and respiratory system microflora effects • Different concentrations • Synergistic effects

  18. Bibliography • "Dipropylene Glycol." Honest Reviews of Anti-aging Skin Care and Beauty Products. Web. 20 Nov. 2017. • "DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database." U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. Web. 20 Nov. 2017.  • Presterl, Elisabeth, Miranda Suchomel, Michaela Eder, Sonja Reichmann, Andrea Lassnigg, Wolfgang Graninger, and Manfred Rotter. "Effects of Alcohols, Povidone-iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide on Biofilms of Staphylococcus Epidermidis | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | Oxford Academic." OUP Academic. Oxford University Press, 22 June 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2017.  • "Names of Common Bacteria: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly." Bright Hub. 28 Feb. 2015. Web. 20 Nov. 2017. 

  19. ANOVA

  20. Rough Data

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