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This guide covers environmental policy, monitoring, corrective action, planning, and management for effective environmental controlling. Learn about the use of indicators, targets, mass and energy balances, controlling elements, documentation, and continual improvement strategies. It explores the implementation, evaluation, and monitoring aspects, as well as organization, feedback systems, and indicator development. Discover how to set targets, define indicators, and report efficiently to achieve environmental goals.
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Environmental policy Environmental targets Planning of measures Elements of environmental controlling Mass and energy balances Control Organization Documentation Information Implementation Evaluation
Start Management review Continual improvement! Monitoring/ Corrective action • Monitoring and measurement • Nonconformance: corrective and preventive action • Records • EMS audits Planning • Environmental aspects • Legal/other requirements • Objectives and targets • Environmental management programme Environmental policy • Implementation • • Structure and responsibility • • Training, awareness, competence • • Communication • • EMS documentation • • Document control • • Operational control • Measures in case of • emergencies
Controlling A feedback system combines planning, reporting, status analysis, deviation analysis and corrective measures Planning Status Corrective action Deviation analysis
Input/output analysis • Consistent data • Illustrates efficiency • Evaluation criteria: • Quantities • Financial values • Environmental and toxicological properties
Safe on the road? Which indicators?
Healthy or not? Which indicators?
Aims of indicators • Comparison of the actual to the planned situation • Comparison of companies • Comparison of variations over a period of time
Development of a set of indicators Mass balances and costs Targets Targets: reduction of material losses, substitution, cost reduction, environmental improvement, data compression, presentation, analysis, control, decision making. Set of indicators
Types of indicators • Absolute figures: • Basic data (annual consumption, turnover) • Totals (total consumption of halogenated solvents) • Differences (expenses minus earnings) • Average values (half hour averages) • Related figures: • Relative figures (solvent use per product unit) • Normalized figures (use of halogenated solvents over total use of solvents) • Index figures (trends) • Systematically derived indicators: • Complex methods for data aggregation
Indicators – 1 • Non-dimensional indicators • Efficiency, yield (product per input) • Recycling quota • Material-related indicators • Cross rate between different materials • Production-related indicators • Material input per production unit • Waste per production unit • Plant-related indicators • Energy consumption per hour • Energy consumption per m²
Indicators – 2 • Time-based indicators • Waste per shift • Water consumption per year • Employee-based indicators • Material consumption per employee (in offices) • Water consumption per employee • Emission-based indicators • Actual emissions vs. threshold values
Definition of indicators • Which figures reflect the targets (of my department) best? • Which figures are best suited to indicate that these targets are not being met? • How are critical deviations best measured? • What is the best way of showing who is responsible for a critical deviation? • For which indicators is information easily and inexpensively available?
Example: “Chicken efficiency” • Is the ratio of sold fried chicken to waste chicken • Is the indicator for waste • Is the most important indicator in the organization • Does it make sense??
Difficulties in defining indicators • Two or more different products in changing quantities: Weigh, choose a stable baseline • Changes in products or processes: Indicators are only one tool and have to be complemented by more information • Comparability between different companies: Be careful: you have to know the context • Different data collection methods: Standardize data collection
Definition of targets Targets could be: • Legal compliance • Best available practices andtechnology • Minimization of costs • Continuous improvement
Targets should be • Specific • Measurable • Achievable • Realistic • Time framed
Reports • Frequency: • Standard reports • Reports on deviation • Reports on demand • Strictly adapted to the receiver • Use standardized structure • Include reference values for comparisons • Use graphics
Template for a short report Indicators: Absolute Indicator consumption (Plan) (Actual) Deviation Raw materials … … … … Water … … … … Energy … … … … Measures: … … … Topics/Problems: … … …