Networks for Research and Education: The Future Douglas E. Van Houweling President & CEO Internet2

1. Networks for Research and Education: The FutureDouglas E. Van HouwelingPresident & CEOInternet2 University of Montana Tuesday, 18 September 2007 University Center Rooms 332-333

2. Overview • Where we have been, and why • Internet2 • Innovation in higher education and research networking • Implications for infrastructure • Implications for the Internet • The future: What we need to do

3. History & Background • ARPANet • 1987– NSFNet • 1990 -- Advanced Network and Services (ANS) • 1994 -- WWW • 1994 -- Commercialization • 1997 -- Next Generation Internet Initiative & Internet2

4. NSFNET • 1986 56 kb connections for supercomputing centers • 1987 NSF Cooperative Agreement • Merit, IBM, MCI, Michigan partnership • 1988 T1 in production • 15% monthly growth • 1990 T1 link to Europe • 1990 ANS T3 in production • 1995 Commercialization

5. Today’s Internet • Growing at 10 - 15% per month • Capacity lags applications • The “world wide wait” • Human interaction awkward • Internet telephony • Video conferencing • Shared authoring • Distributed large scale computing and data base efforts impossible

6. Today’s Internet • Mission-critical applications seldom pursued on the public Internet • Authentication • “Best efforts” not good enough • Intranets and Extranets instead • Match capacity and demand • Provide a more secure environment • Don’t reach the public at large, though!

7. Barriers to Progress • Providers swamped attempting to match capacity to demand • No large scale development environment available • Negative-sum competitive environment inhibits investment • Advanced applications can’t be deployed

8. Advanced InternetProjects • Next Generation Internet (NGI) • Focused on: • Federal mission agency needs • Maintaining US Internet leadership • Internet2 • Focused on: • Higher education needs • Moving the public Internet to the next level

9. Internet II -- Objectives • Response to Research & Education Needs • Applications Innovation & Demonstration • Reliable, Broadband Desktop to Desktop Connectivity • Intercampus • Intracampus • Higher Education Control • Transparent Interface to the Commodity Internet • Rapid Transfer to Commercial Sector

10. What Does Internet2 Do? Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet

11. Internet2 Universities209 University Members as of August 2007

12. ACUTA Altarum American Distance Education Consortium Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) CERN Charles R. Drew University Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Cleveland Institute of Music Cleveland Museum of Art Coalition for Networked Information Desert Research Institute EDUCAUSE ESnet Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Howard Hughes Medical Institute Indiana Higher Education Telecommunications System (IHETS) Inter-American Development Bank Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Library of Congress Los Alamos National Laboratory Manhattan School of Music NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Marshall Space Flight Center National Archives and Records Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Geographic National Institutes of Health NOAA – Washington, D.C. National Science Foundation New World Symphony NIST Oak Ridge National Laboratory OSTN (Open Student Television Network) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Ruth Lily Health Education Center SURA TOPIX U.S. Census Bureau United Nations System of Organizations United States Antarctic Program United States Dept. of Commerce Boulder Labs United States Holocaust Memorial Museum University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of North Carolina General Administration The World Bank Internet2 Affiliate Members

13. 3ROX CEN CENIC CIC OmniPoP CPE FLR GPN Indiana GigaPoP KanREN LEARN LONI MAGPI MAX MCNC Merit Network MOREnet MREN NJEDge.Net Northern Lights GigaPoP NOX NYSERNet OARnet OneNet OSCnet OSHEAN Pacific Northwest GigaPoP PeachNet SOX UEN WiscNet Internet2 R&E Network Members

14. State Education Networks Connected to Internet2

15. Internet2 Corporate Partners

16. Arbor Networks Campus Televideo Codian, Inc. Foundry Networks inSORS Integrated Communications Polycom Worldwide RADVISION TANDBERG VBrick Systems Internet2 Corporate Sponsors

17. ADVA Optical Networking Apparent Networks Arbinet-thexchange, Inc. C-SPAN Caterpillar, Inc. Cdigix Cedar Point Communications Comcast Cable Communications CommuniGate Systems EBSCO Information Services Education Networks of America, Inc. Fujitsu Laboratories of America Global Crossing Google HaiVision Systems, Inc. Johnson & Johnson KDDI Corporation LifeSize Communications Lucent Technologies Media Links, Inc. Napster, LLC Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) Northrop Grumman Information Technology OCLC Online Computer Library Center OpVista, Inc. RIAA Red Hat, Inc. Ruckus Network, Inc. Schlumberger Steelcase, Inc. The Thomson Corporation Verizon Business Video Furnace, Inc. VoEx, Inc Warner Bros. Internet2 Corporate Members

18. Asia-Pacific Americas AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ANF (Korea) CERNET/CSTNET/ NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) MYREN/MDeC (Malaysia) NECTEC/UNINET (Thailand) PERN (Pakistan) REANNZ (New Zealand) SingAREN (Singapore) NCHC/TANet (Taiwan) CANARIE (Canada) CEDIA (Ecuador)CLARA (Latin America & Caribbean) CNTI (Venezuela) CR2NET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP [FAPESP] (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) Current International Partners Europe Africa MCIT [EUN/ENSTINET] (Egypt) TENET (South Africa) ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) FCCN (Portugal) GARR (Italy) GIP- RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) PSNC/PIONER (Poland) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Middle East Etisalat University College (UAE) Israel-IUCC (Israel) Qatar Foundation (Qatar) South Asia ERNET/CDAC (India)

19. Internet2 International Partners

20. Summary • Internet2 started October 1996 • From 34 to over 200 universities today • 50+ other research and non-profit institutions • From United Nations to Lawrence Berkeley Labs to the New World Symphony • 50+ for profit companies • 30 state and regional R&E networks • Primary, secondary schools, museums, libraries, healthcare institutions through Sponsored Educational Group Participants (SEGP) • More than 50 international partners

21. Summary • Internet2 • Provides a high-performance network environment for the US research and education community • optimized to meet the needs of research, teaching, learning, clinical and outreach missions of that community • Enables the development and deployment of new network, middleware and applications technologies, services and protocols • Draws the community together to support these efforts

22. Technology • Computing continues to follow Moore’s Law • Storage is moving to the atomic level • Networking is exploding in the optical and wireless domains • Identity management middleware enables virtual communities • Human/Computer interface is rapidly evolving • Culminating in the Cybersphere • persistent, pervasive, global, and immersive information/knowledge environment

23. Integrated Systems Model

24. Internet2 infrastructure 100 Mbps -10 Gbs Library University K20 School Museum University Library ResearchLaboratory K20 School NationwideNetwork Links Library K20 School Research Laboratory Museum

25. A New Networking Model

26. A New Networking Model

27. A New Networking Model

28. The Internet2 network • Replaced the old “Abilene” backbone network • Hybrid optical and IP network • Fiber, optical equipment dedicated to Internet2; Level 3 maintains network and service level • Infrastructure to support multiple networks • Internet2 IP Service • Dynamic and static circuit services • ESnet’s next generation network • Platform supports production services and experimental projects

29. Internet2 Network Capabilities • Capacity and reliability to serve large scale projects – eVLBI, LHC, NEON, TeraGrid • Flexibility to support smaller projects at lower bandwidths, for variable durations • Lightpath provisioning to the campus • Ideal platform for network research

30. Internet2 Network: Infrastructure with Multiple Services Routed IP Network” Router Layer Ethernet Layer Switched SONET Layer (vcat, lcas) “SONET Switched Network” Provisioned Services Switched WDM Optical Layer “Ethernet VLAN Switched Network (i.e., HOPI)” Multi-Layer GMPLS Networks Separate (Peering) Control Plane Instantiations for each of the above

31. Circuit Service Types • Static Services - Configured by our NOC • Ethernet or SONET Framed over Lambda - Directly on the Infinera wave equipment • SONET Circuits through the Ciena equipment • Ethernet Framed tagged or untagged circuits under SONET via GFP • MPLS L2VPNs • Dynamic Circuit Service • Only through the Ciena equipment at the start, eventually evolving to the full platform • Create Circuits in seconds for periods of hours to weeks

32. Internet2 Network - Layer 1 Internet2 Network Optical Switching Node Level3 Regen Site Internet2 Redundant Drop/Add Site ESnet Drop/Add Site

33. The Crucial Role of the RONs

42. Advanced R&E Networking:Networking Capabilities TODAY • Megabit-per-second bandwidth • IP-based services • Campus-focused middleware • Loose coordination across networks TOMORROW • Gigabit-per-second bandwith • IP-based and Dynamic Circuit (DC) services • Inter-domain middleware • High coordination across networks

43. Middleware Infrastructure • Focus: • Inter-institutional collaboration • Scalable authenticated/authorized access to remote resources • Internet2 role: • Defining/creating architecture: Shibboleth • Tools to implement: Shibboleth, Grouper, Signet • Infrastructure/Services to scale: InCommon, USHER

44. Advanced R&E Networking:Applications TODAY • TV-Quality Videoconferencing • Gigabyte-class data sets among small research groups • Limited access to remote scientific instruments TOMORROW • Uncompressed HDTV and gigapixel displays • Terabyte-class data sets among global research groups • Routine, reliable, and discipline wide access to remote scientific instruments

45. Access to Unique Scientific Instruments • Astronomy • High-Energy and Nuclear Physics

46. Health Science Research and Instruction

47. Tele-health • Medical instruction • Clinical practice • Research

48. Weather Prediction and Disaster Recovery Images courtesy of NOAA

49. Supporting Large-scale Distributed Sensor Networks • Ecology • Seismology • Meteorology

50. Collaboration and Communication