Grammar learning

1. Grammar learning The Past Participle as the attribute and predicative by Guo Xiufang

2. How much do you know about “King Cholera”? $100 $200 $100 $300 $500 $200 $400 $200 $500 $200

3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. • He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. • Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. • He knew that cholera would never be controlleduntil its cause was found. • People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person died.

4. It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He told the astonishedpeople in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so that it could not be used. He found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. He suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Because they had been givenfree beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.

5. -ed form used as attribute & predicative

6. 1.过去分词作定语(Attribute) (1) 在句中的位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面； 一颗破碎的心 a brokenheart 已经升起的太阳 the risen sun 丢失的孩子 a lostchild

7. 过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 people addicted to drugs a novelwritten by Luxun the advice given to the patient an old mansupported by his son a school built for orphans

8. 单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。 Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.

9. 现在分词: 表示主动的动作 过去分词: 表示被动的动作 过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别： 1.语态上 He is the man swimming in the river just now. He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.

10. 现在分词: 表示正在进行 过去分词: 表示完成 2.时间上 the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun a changing world a changed world the developing country the develoed country

11. 总结： 过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别： 过去分词表示被动或完成； 现在分词表示主动或进行。

12. I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行） • The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建) • The house builtover there is a shop. （被动、已建好） • The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect （被动、将来）

13. publish published His book ____________ last year sells well. His book _____________ now will be on sale next year. His book _____________ next year will be his best one. The press(出版社) ___________ his book is famous in the city. being published to be published publishing

14. 过去分词和V-ing形式作表语的区别: • 表特征---含有“令人……”之意 表状态---含有“感到……”之意 V-ing形式 过去分词

15. 比较：The film is interesting. I'm interested in English． surprising ~surprised exciting ~excited disappointing ~disappointed tiring ~tired amazing ~ amazed boring ~ bored relaxing ~ relaxed pleasing ~pleased confusing ~confused satisfying ~satisfied astonishing ~astonished inspiring ~ inspired amusing ~amused entertaining ~entertained depressing ~ depressed

16. Fill in the blank with proper words. interested • A. Nobody was in the story he told. • B. The story he told was very . • ( interested, interesting ) • 2. A. Everybody was to hear the news. • B. The news is very indeed. • ( excited, exciting ) • 3. A. The result of the test was rather . • B. He was very at the result of the • test. ( disappointed, disappointing ) • 4. A. What he said was very . • B. I was very at the sight. • ( amused, amusing ) interesting excited exciting disappointing disappointed amusing amused

17. 系动词 • look, sound, smell, taste, feel • become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come • stay, keep, remain • seem, appear • turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）

18. Sum up • 过去分词作定语和表语的区别: • 定语　 放在名词和代词的前面或后面 表示动作完成或被动 • 表语　 放在be 动词或系动词的后面 说明主语的状态或特征

19. 练习一． 句型转换 • A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat ______ to the tree. tired 2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kelly’s long-lost friend.= The girl _________________ is Kelly’s long-lost friend. dressed in red

20. 3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, ______________ ___________________, was never rebuilt. burnt down in the sixteenth century 4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son ________ in the online games. lost

21. 5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _____________ ____________________, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by the chinese engineers

22. 练习二 单句改错 • They were all amusing at what he said. • He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won. • The situation was a bit discouraged. • Two pages in this dictionary are missed. • Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.

23. 练习三 单选 • As is known to us all, traveling is ______, but we often feel ______ when we are back from travels. • A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. interesting; tiringD. interested; tired A

24. D 2. Hearing the ____ news, we all felt ___. A. encouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged B 3. From the dates ______ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked

25. B • 4. The _______ look in her face suggested that she _______ it before. • surprising, wouldn’t know • surprised, hadn’t known • surprising, hadn’t known • surprised, shouldn’t know

26. D • 5. The picture writing _______ long long ago is hard for us to understand today. • having been drawn B. being drawn • C. was drawn D. drawn D 6. The man ______ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C. to seat D. seated

27. C 7. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. written D. being written

28. 1. How many theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people did John Snow became interested in? He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.

29. 2. When did he get inspired? He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera..

30. 3.Why did so many terrified people die every time there was an outbreak? Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

31. 4. When did Dr. Snow think the disease wouldbe controlled? He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

32. 5. What was the second theory explaining how the disease killed people? People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person died.

33. 6. Where did the water of pump come from? It came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London

34. 7. What did Dr. Snow advise the people in Broad Street do? He told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so that it could not be used

35. 8. Where did he find supporting evidence? He found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.

36. 9.To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Hesuggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.

37. 10.Why were these families working in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street not affected ? Because they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.