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Unit One: Computing Fundamentals

Explore the fundamentals of computers, including types, CPU, binary system, memory, storage, and networking. Discover how computers process data and the role of different components.

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Unit One: Computing Fundamentals

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  1. Unit One: Computing Fundamentals Golly darn this computer !!

  2. So what is a computer, really? • A computer is an electronic device that receives data (input), processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output). • It performs only three operations • Arithmetic operations (adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying.) • Logical comparison values (equal to, greater than) • Storage and retrieval operations • Big deal..? Why and how do you use computers and which kinds do you use?

  3. Types of Computers

  4. Role of the CPU • Role: The CPU also called microprocessor, or brain of the computer, contains millions of switches and pathways to help the computer make decisions. The switches control the flow of electricity as it travels across the pathways. Computer programs are special instructions written to tell the computer which switches to turn on or off. • Speed: deciding factor on which computer to purchase. The system clock is an electronic pulse used to synchronize the processing and determines the speed of the processor, measured in megahertz. The higher MHz the faster the computer.

  5. Binary number system • Computers only understand machine language, or binary, which is ones and zeros. • Through the pathways and by turning switches on and off the CPU processes ones and zeros • When electricity is present it represents a one. The absence of electricity represents a zero. • Coding Systems such as American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) determines which combination of zeros and ones represents the letter A or the number 1. • Each one or zero is a bit, and eight bits or combinations of ones and zeros represents a byte.

  6. Memory and storage • RAM – (random access memory) often referred to as main memory is the data, information, and program instructions temporarily stored on a RAM chip. If there is a power loss this is the information lost. The amount of Ram can help increase how fast the computer processes data. • ROM – (read only memory) stores specific instructions needed for computer operations. The computer can read from a ROM chip but cannon write or store data on this chip.

  7. Memory and storage • Secondary storage devices are used when you want to store a file or information permanently • Computer’s hard disk drive • Floppy disk • CD-ROM • Thumb drive

  8. Networking • A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices • Allows computers to share: • Data – special group projects, databases, etc. • Hardware – printers or scanners • Software – instead of purchasing programs for each individual computer, a site license can be purchased for the number of users and it is less expensive • Files – collaborative, allows users to work together

  9. Network systems Shared Printer

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