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ANEMIA AND UTI DURING PREGNANCY

Anemia. CONTENTS:INTRODUCTION.CLINICAL MANIFESTIATION.DEGREE OF ANEMIA.CAUSES OF ANEMIA.ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY.TYPES OF ANEMIA AND PREGNANCYNURSING CARE PLAN.Complication of anemia. Objectives of anemia seminar. After mastering the content of this seminar you should be able to:Define an

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ANEMIA AND UTI DURING PREGNANCY

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    1.

    3. Anemia CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION. CLINICAL MANIFESTIATION. DEGREE OF ANEMIA. CAUSES OF ANEMIA. ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY. TYPES OF ANEMIA AND PREGNANCY NURSING CARE PLAN. Complication of anemia

    4. Objectives of anemia seminar After mastering the content of this seminar you should be able to: Define anemia and identify the causes of anemia in pregnancy Discuss the clinical manifestation of anemia and causes of it. List the types of anemia and discuss each types. Take example of N.C.P

    5. Anemia INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

    6. Clinical manifestation

    7. CONT. degrees of anemia

    8. WHAT CAUSE ANEMIA IN GENERAL Caused by: Rapid blood loss Impaired production of (RBCs). Increase destruction of (RBCs). How we can classify anemia? Morphology: lab results of (RBCs) size ¸ color¸ shape. Etiology: according to clinical condition causing anemia

    9. So what happened during pregnancy?

    10. ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

    11. Decrease (RBC) production. Decrease hemoglobin synthesis: Iron deficiency anemia.

    12. Cont. During pregnancy the fetus depend on his mother in his production of RBCs by the use the iron in his mother blood and the expanding of plasma volume. The s&s include pallor, glossitis, cheilitis, headache, paresthesias, pallor, and sensitivity to cold, weakness, fatigue, and tachycardia.

    13. cont. Iron deficiency anemia.

    14. Forms of iron supplements

    15. Prevention of Iron deficiency anemia. In pregnancy period increase the diet that rich in iron, because 50% of pregnant women prone to have iron deficient Take iron supplements.

    16. Thalsemia

    17. Cont. Thalsemia S&S splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, jaundice, pallor, mental physical retardation & chronic anemia. Diagnosis by level of Hb & HCT in blood. The main intervention is blood transfusion. No way to prevent this type of anemia, we can just decrease s&s.

    18. Defective DNA synthesis

    19. Vitamin B12 (coblamin) deficiency Def. lack of Vit. B12 in body, and Vit. B12 is important production of blood cells and function of daily nervous system. Caused by decrease presence or absence of intrinsic factor which is a protein secreted by gastric mucosa, also the diet that low in Vit. B12 or intestinal malabsorption. During pregnancy malnutrition or elements deficiency. S&S tissue hypoxia, abdominal pain, dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, numbness, palness. Diagnostic studies. Lab tests of Vit. B12 levels and HCT level

    20. Cont. Vit . B12 Deficiency

    21. Folic acid deficiency.

    22. Cont. Folic acid deficiency. S&S headache, weakness, sore mouth and tongue, pallor. Diagnostic studies. CBC (size, shape, quantity). The main intervention: F.A supplements and well balances nutrition. Prevention of it by increase the intake of food high in folic acid includes leafy dark green vegetables, fruits and liver.

    23. B. increase RBC destruction 1. Sickle cell anemia.

    24. Cont. Sickle cell anemia. During pregnancy malnutrition or emotional stress the main factors to cause S.C. S&S pallor of mucus membrane, fatigue, breathlessness, rapid HR, fever, failure of the spleen to fagocytize F.B, susceptibility to infections, decrease exercise tolerance, Jaundice, pain due to ischemia of tissue. Diagnostic studies: CBC SICKLE CELL TEST DNA TESTING

    25. The main intervention and treatment: for s.c.a

    26. C. Rapid blood loss

    27. Nursing care plan Risk for altered tissue perfusion related to maternal anemia during pregnancy. Objective data:-exhaustion, headache, lethargic. Subjective data:- pale, decrease BP, hypothetic, decrease PVC.

    28. CONT. N.C.P Outcome identification:-client will take adequate measures to guard against anemia during pregnancy and experience adequate tissue perfusion during pregnancy.

    29. CONT. N.C.P Intervention Instruct how to have adequate time for rest and sleep Instruct how to increase her nutritional intake. Instruct how to avoid over load activities. Teach her the proper way of preparing her weal's. Give her the prescribed iron or folic pills Increase her fluid intake. Review plans for lab testing and scheduling of antepartum care visit.

    30. CONT. N.C.P Outcome evaluation: client takes prenatal supplement daily; Hb is above 11 mg/dl; fetal heart rate is 120 to 1160

    31. COMPLICATION Of THE PREGNANT WOMEN

    32. URINARY TRACT INFECTION Contents. Definitions of UTI and type of it Risk of UTI on women. Signs and symptoms of UTI. Diagnostic studies for UTI. Risk of UTI during pregnancy. Assessment of UTI. Nursing care plan prevention of UTI.

    33. URINARY TRACT INFECTION OBJECTIVES Each one of you will be able to: Identify UTI Explain the diagnostic studies Assess the patient who have UTI the complication of UTI on pregnancy

    34. Urinary tract infection

    35. Cont. UTI Elderly women often have incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary stasis; post menopausal women are susceptible to colonization of bacteria due to absence of estrogen. * FEMALE 14 TIMES TO HAVE UTI MORE THAN MALE.* UTI affects 5%_ 20% of pregnant women, and it the most common infection of bacteria during pregnancy.

    36. Clinical manifestations

    37. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES. Includes: Urinalysis, CBC, electrolytes, createnin and BUN,. Also Urine culture (C&S), KUB, IVP or IVU and testing for STD.

    38. What happened during pregnancy?

    39. Cont. The incidence of glycosuria increased, which favor bacterial growth and development of UTI. During pregnancy the plasma volume increase and GFR and urine output increase.

    40. ASSESSMENT

    41. Nursing care plan Nursing diagnosis: risk for infection to stasis of urine with pregnancy. subjective data: pain on urination Frequency of urination Hematuria Objective data: bacterial count of more than 100,000 colonies per milliliter in a clean-catch specimen

    42. Cont. N.C.P Outcome identification: client will demonstrate no signs of infection during pregnancy. Intervention: voiding frequency (at least per 2 hrs) Wiping front to back after bowel movements.

    43. Prevention

    44. REFERENCES Lewis, medical surgical nursing, 6th edition, 2004, Burroughs, Maternity nursing, 3rd edition, 1997 Matenal & child nursing care, 3rd edition www.ask.com www.who/complication during pregnancy.com

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