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The Nation Divided: Compromises and Conflicts in 19th Century America

Explore the debates over slavery, states' rights, and compromises in the 19th century, including the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Understand the political parties, laws, and societal issues that divided the nation during this turbulent period.

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The Nation Divided: Compromises and Conflicts in 19th Century America

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  1. CHAPTER 14 THE NATION DIVIDED

  2. Bullet points pg. 505 Read pgs. 482-485

  3. CHAPTER 14 • I can understand how the question of admission of new states to the union fueled the debate over slavery and states rights.

  4. CHAPTER 14 • Missouri Compromise (1820) seemed to stop sectional difference • 1820 – 1848, 8 new states 4 slave – 4 free (15 each)

  5. CHAPTER 14 • Mo. Compromise did not apply to 1848 Mexican Cession • Fearing a new slave state, Rep. David Wilmot proposed law banning slavery from Mexican Cession • Passed the House of Rep. But not Senate WHY?

  6. 15 free states15 slave statesTIE VOTE IN SENATE

  7. CONSEQUENCE #1 • SOUTHERN SLAVERY SUPPORTERS FEARED A LEGAL ATTACK ON SLAVERY

  8. CONSEQUENCE #2 • A NEW POLITICAL PARTY

  9. POLITICS • 2 Parties DEMOCRATS WHIGS

  10. POLITICS • Neither party took firm stand on slavery WHY?

  11. POLITICS • Both wanted southern votes.

  12. POLITICS • Democratic Presidential candidate, Sen. Lewis Cass proposed a solution • Popular sovereignty

  13. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • People in the state or territory would vote on slavery, not their elected representatives

  14. CONSEQUENCE • Anti slavery Democrats and Whigs for new political party – THE FREE SOIL PARTY PLATFORM • Mexican Cession land would be FREE SOIL – NO SLAVERY

  15. CANDIDATES • Free Soil – Martin Van Buren • Democrats - Lewis Cass • Whigs – Zachary Taylor

  16. What territory wanted into the United States?Why?

  17. All the Goldin California • 1848 – Gold discovered in California • Grows quickly • Wants into the U.S.

  18. Problems • Most of CA. is north of MO. Compromise line • South fears anti slavery majority in Senate • Threatens to SECEDE if CA. is admitted as free state

  19. Other Issues • Northerners want slave TRADE abolished in Wash. D.C. • Southerners wants escaped slaves (FUGITIVES) returned WHAT DO WE DO? .

  20. COMPROMISE • Henry Clay has idea, the Compromise of 1850 • His ideas are opposed by John C. Calhoun

  21. The Great Debate • Calhoun is against compromise. He said, A. CA. in U.S. as a free state threatens the South B. There are only 2 ways to protect the South 1. Constitutional Amendment 2. Secession

  22. The Great Debate • Daniel Webster said, A. Called to end fighting B. Supported Clay’s plan

  23. Pg. 484 Calhoun

  24. Translation - Calhoun • Arrest it to stop something • Abolition getting rid of slavery • Secession leaving the Union • Submission give up • Resistance fight

  25. What does it mean? • We want a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery in the south and the Territories forever • If we don’t get that, we quit the Union • If you attack us, we will fight

  26. Daniel Webster Pg 484

  27. Translation - Webster • Preservation to keep as is • Restoration to return to the original

  28. What does it mean? • The Union must stay together • Accept the compromise • Let’s go back to good feelings among all the states

  29. Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pgs. 486-491

  30. PREDICT • What is going to happen?

  31. Ch 14 Sec 2 – Compromises Fail • I CAN UNDERSTAND THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 AND WHY IT FAILED

  32. Compromise of 1850 • 5 laws California admitted free state Slave trade banned in D.C. Congress could not regulate slave trade between slave states Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession Fugitive slave law

  33. Fugitive slave law • Accused slaves arrested by government • No trial • Only white persons testimony • Every citizen required to help

  34. President Zachary Taylor who opposes, dies • Millard Fillmore, the new President signs it into law

  35. OBJECTIONS • Northerners objected to fugitive slave act WHY? 1.Black testimony was not admissible 2. White slave owners testimony as proof

  36. REACTIONS • Slave catchers were threatened • Runaways were taken to Canada • Juries found helpers innocent

  37. REACTIONS • BOOKS UNCLE TOMS CABIN Fictional account of slavery Put down by South Praised by North (pg 448)

  38. RESULTS • Everyone complained • Northerners did not like -slavery continuing with possibility of expansion - Fugitive Slave Law

  39. RESULTS • Southerners did not like - Jury Nullification - Slave catchers being threatened - Slaves escaping to Canada

  40. A NEW WRINKLE • Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas wants a railroad through ILL & MO to the west • RR would pass through Kansas & Nebraska • These areas are closed to slavery (MO. Comp) • Southerners screamed!!!

  41. Douglas’ Plan • Open Kansas & Nebraska to Popular Sovereignty • Southerners happy • Northerners screamed – This undid the MO. Comp.

  42. Kansas – Nebraska Act - 1852 • Kansas & Nebraska Territories open to Popular Sovereignty • Passed by Congress – Signed by Pres. • Believed to be answer to slavery question IS IT??

  43. RESULTS • Proponents and opponents flooded into Kansas • Of 3,000 registered voters, 8,000 votes were counted • 3 non slavery vs. 36 slavery representatives were elected WHAT HAPPENED?

  44. VOTER FRUAD WHAT HAPPENED THEN?

  45. 2 GOVERNMENTS • ANTI SLAVERY GOVERNMENT • PRO SLAVERY GOVERNMENT EACH CLAIMED AUTHORITY WHAT HAPPENED THEN??

  46. VIOLENCE

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