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Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

Explore the wonders of stars, galaxies, and the universe in this exciting astronomy course with Prof. Kaaret. Discover the origins of atoms, life beyond Earth, and the history of the cosmos. Gain insights into black holes, exploding stars, and more!

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Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

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  1. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Instructor: Prof. Kaaret 702 Van Allen Hall philip-kaaret @ uiowa.edu Lectures: MWF 12:30 pm – 1:20 pm Lecture Room 1 Van Allen Hall Textbook: Universe: Stars and Galaxies, Second Edition, by Freedman and Kaufmann Lab book: Imaging the Universe by Mutel & Wilson

  2. Why study Astronomy? From modern astronomy, we have our best answers, so far, to questions such as: • How and where are the atoms in our bodies formed? • Is there life anywhere else than on Earth? • What is the history of the Universe and what will eventually happen to the Universe?

  3. Why study Astronomy? • Astronomy allows us to understand our place in the cosmos. • Astronomy also reveals objects that stretch the imagination such as black holes, exploding stars, and giant jets of matter larger than a galaxy but moving at the speed of light. • Astronomy shows us that the Universe is comprehensible.

  4. How empty is the solar system? • What fraction of the volume in the solar system (which we will take to be a sphere enclosing the orbit of Pluto) is taken up with solid stuff (the Sun, planets, asteroids, …)? • Any guesses?

  5. Scale model solar system • To try to address this question, we are going to build a scale model of the solar system. • So, what is a scale model?

  6. A scale model … • is made out of plastic? • corresponds to a real object? • is a World War II airplane? • has the same proportions as a real object? • has the same colors as a real object?

  7. Scale models • A scale model is a representation of a real object or set of objects in which all of the different parts of the model have sizes in the correct proportions to the real thing.

  8. Scale models • For scale factor s,real dimension D then model dimension d = sD For example, with a scale factor s = 1:50 = 1/50 = 0.02, an airplane with a length of D = 36 feet becomes a model with a length of d = 0.02*36 feet = 8.64 inches.

  9. Scale model solar system • We need the measurements of the real solar system. For our purposes, we will limit this to the diameter and distance from the Sun for each planet.

  10. Solar system data

  11. The Sequence of Planets • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto • My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pizzas

  12. Scale model of solar system Scale factor s = 2:1,000,000,000,000 = 0.000000000002

  13. Scale model of solar system Scale factor s = 2:1,000,000,000,000 = 0.000000000002

  14. Scale model of solar system • To fit the solar system into the classroom, we scaled the orbit of Pluto to 11.8 meters = 38.7 feet • Sun is the size of a match head • Jupiter is smaller than a grain of salt • Earth has the diameter of a strand of hair

  15. Course information • Website: http://phobos.physics.uiowa.edu/~kaaret/sgu_s05 • Survey of modern astronomy, conceptual approach • Course covers • Night sky, moon, eclipses • Sun, stars • Black holes, neutron stars • Galaxies • Cosmology • Search for extra-solar planets, intelligence • Does not cover solar system in detail

  16. PRS (Personal Response System) • We will be using a student feedback technology called PRS during most lectures. • PRS transmitters (looks like a TV remote) with an individual code are sold in a package with the textbook. • Every student must have a PRS unit and bring it to class.

  17. Course information • Some math will be needed • Simple algebraic equations • Plugging numbers into equations • Understanding powers of ten • Simple geometry • Students will be expected to observe the sky • At least one hour per week • The only way to get extra credit is via supervised observing on the roof of Van Allen Hall during clear week nights

  18. Course information • Laboratory • If you are registered for 4 s.h., you are already assigned to a weekly laboratory section. • Laboratory sessions start next week. • Observing with a research-grade optical telescope in Arizona (Rigel telescope). You will be using this facility for a research project in the second half of the semester.

  19. Grading • The course grade (letter grade will include +/- grading) will be determined by the sum of points accumulated during the semester. The total possible points are given in the table below. The only way to get extra credit is by supervised observing on the roof of Van Allen Hall.

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