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Partitioning & Formatting

Partitioning & Formatting. Exam: 902 1.2 Given a scenario, install Windows PC operating systems using appropriate methods. Root Directories. One challenge of using any OS is finding the data and files that you need.

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Partitioning & Formatting

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  1. Partitioning & Formatting Exam: 902 1.2 Given a scenario, install Windows PC operating systems using appropriate methods

  2. Root Directories • One challenge of using any OS is finding the data and files that you need • An OS manages a hard drive, optical drive, or other drive using directories and files • Directories are also known as folders • The drive (no matter the type) is generally organized with a single root directory • The root directory can hold files or other directories • These “other directories” are called subdirectories, child directories, or simply folders • Any directory can have files and other subdirectories in it

  3. Storage devices such as a USB drive or hard drive are organized into directories and subdirectories that contain files

  4. Partitions (Volumes)PM Video 22:24 • In order to use a hard drive, or a portion of a hard drive, in Windows you need to first partition itand then format it • Some hard drives can be divided into 1 or more partitions (called volumes) • Why would you want multiple partitions? • You can use multiple partitions to organize data; the OS is on the C drive and data is stored on a second partition • A hard drive is physical, partitions are logical • If you divide a physical disk into multiple partitions, each partition has its own root directory • You can set up a dual or multi-boot system

  5. A hard drive can be divided into 1or more partitions that are identified by a letter such as drive C: or drive D:

  6. MBR & GPTYT Video 6:24 • Before a hard drive can be used it needs to have a partition scheme configured • The partition scheme allows the hard drive to be divided into partitions • The most common disk partitioning system is the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme • Maps of partitions are kept in the MBR, which is on the first sector of the hard drive • MBR disks have 2 limitations: • 1. Max size of a partition is 2 TB • 2. Limited to 4 partitions • 4 primary partitions • Or, 3 primary partitions and a 4th extended partition can hold 1 or more logical drives • The Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) system overcomes the limitations of the MBR system • Support disks larger than 2 TB and 128 partitions

  7. A hard drive with 4partitions; the 4th partition is an extended partition

  8. System Partition vs Boot Partition • The System Partition(usually drive C:) is the active partition of the hard drive that contains the OS program to start up (or boot) Windows (you will only have 1 of these) • The Boot Partitionis the partition where the Windows OS is stored (can have multiple boot partitions) • Windows assigns 2 functions to partitions that hold the OS

  9. File Systems • Before a drive can be used it must be assigned a drive letter and formatted using a file system • A file system is the overall structure an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a drive Windows supports 4 types of file systems for hard drives: • Linux uses the Extended File System (ext2, ext3, ext4) • 1 EB volumes • 16 TB file sizes • NTFS • FAT64 • FAT32 • FAT16

  10. File Systems • FAT16 • Older file system, only recommended on volumes less than 4 GB • FAT32 • Supports volumes up to 2TB, supports files sizes up to 4GB, no journaling (so more corruption), no file level security, but can be used with almost any device • FAT64 • Also called exFAT supports files sizes up to 16EB and theoretical partitions of 64ZB but still lacks NTFS’s extra features such as compression and encryption • NTFS • Efficient file system, supports file and folder security, disk compression, disk quotas, long file names, journaling, and volumes larger than 2TB are possible

  11. Path, Filename, ExtensionPM Video 4:11 • When you refer to a drive and folders pointing to a file, the drive letter and directories are called the path • Path: C:\Data\Business\Letter.docx • The 1st part of the name before the period is known as the filename • C:\Data\Business\Letter.docx • The part after the filename is called the file extension • C:\Data\Business\Letter.docx • The file extension indicates what program uses the file and the type of content in the file (.docx is a Word doc)

  12. The complete path to a file includes the volume letter, directories, filename, and file extension; the colon, backslashes, and period are required to separate items in the path

  13. Directory Structure

  14. How to Create a File

  15. How to Create a Folder

  16. How to Copy, Move, and Rename

  17. How to Delete Files or Folders

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