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Are (when) seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm ?

Are seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm ? PANEL DISCUSSION Kim, Mark, Christopher, Maria. Objective : To discuss if and when seeds may be used as a back-up of vegetatively maintained germplasm.

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Are (when) seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm ?

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  1. Are seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm?PANEL DISCUSSIONKim, Mark, Christopher, Maria Objective: To discuss if and when seeds may be used as a back-up of vegetatively maintained germplasm. What other options do we have to securely store genetic resources maintained as clonal germplasm.

  2. Are (when) seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm? Importance of clonal-back up Why clonally maintained accessions should be backed-up as vegetative propagules Would a seed back-up of clonally maintained accessions be complimentary or it may replace vegetative propagules What should we consider? What are the conservation targets?

  3. Importance of clones • Why clonally maintained accessions should be backed-up as vegetative propagules • Specific qualities of the genotype • ONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO

  4. Importance of clones • ONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO

  5. Importance of clones • ONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO Eat your pigments!

  6. Clones or species • Species diversity • Representative of the species • SEED Pears from Armenia

  7. Clones or Species • Species diversity • Representative of the species • SEED Fragaria iinumae, Hokkaido

  8. Clones or species • Species diversity • Representative of the species • SEED Vaccinium hirsutum, Georgia

  9. Both Clones and Seeds! • Clonal representation of specific genotypes • Seeds for species diversity

  10. WHEN WOULD SEED PRODUCTION FROM CLONALLY-MAINTAINED ACCESSIONS COMPLEMENT OR POTENTIALLY REPLACE VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES? • A few points to consider…

  11. CAN WE VERIFY THAT THE CLONE IS BEING MAINTAINED BECAUSE OF ITS SPECIFIC GENOTYPE? • Certain clones might be maintained more for convenience, fitting in with a larger, clonal management system…

  12. DOES THE CLONE PRODUCE SEEDS THAT STORE WELL? • Two issues here: • The ability to produce seeds (sterility, dioecy) • Seed-storage characteristics

  13. POPULATION-LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS • Is the clone a member of a larger population? • Are there other members of that population available and can the clone be mated with them?

  14. WHEN THERE IS NO “LARGER POPULATION” • Can the clone produce apomictic seeds? • Can the clone self-pollinate? • Self-incompatibility • Inbreeding depression

  15. What is the conservation target? • Genes • Genotypes • Lineages

  16. As an option what are the trade offs involved? • Cost of supporting clonal propagation • Risk of loss • Immediate utility vs long term backup

  17. What is the accession history? • Sample context • Population structure

  18. Sampling issue in clonal conservation 2 Clones from a Recombining population

  19. Wild Malus Accessions Germany: Sylvestris 47 China: Hupehensis: 129 Kansuensis: 2 Prattii: 29 Sieboldii: 53 Toringoides: 68 Transitoria: 20 Zhaojiaoensis: 24 Kazakhstan: Sieversii: Kirghisorum: 7 Turkey: Orientalis: 504

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