1 / 42

Studying Human Inheritance 12-1 & 12-2

Studying Human Inheritance 12-1 & 12-2. Pea Characteristics. http://mac122.icu.ac.jp/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought. Some traits have more than two allele choices = ____________________ traits EX: A,B,O blood type glycoproteins.

welkerd
Download Presentation

Studying Human Inheritance 12-1 & 12-2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Studying Human Inheritance 12-1 & 12-2

  2. Pea Characteristics http://mac122.icu.ac.jp/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html

  3. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some traits have more than two allele choices = ____________________ traits EX: A,B,O blood type glycoproteins MULTIPLE ALLELE

  4. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some traits are determined by more than one gene =_____________traits EX: Human height, Intelligence POLYGENIC http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG

  5. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought POLYGENIC traits have lots of “in-between” phenotypes There aren’t just SMART people and DUMB people…. there is a whole range of intelligences in-between http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm

  6. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought Some genes are LINKED TO other genes _____________ traits are linked to a sex chromosome SEX-LINKED

  7. SEX DETERMINATION female XX = male Xy = Images from: http://members.tripod.com/~yenial/chromosome.html

  8. X X Who decides? X X X X X X X Mom can give X Dad can give X or y y y y If dad gives X with mom’s X = girl If dad give y with mom’s X = boy __________ determines sex of babies. DAD

  9. Thomas Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies PURE PURE RED-EYED WHITE-EYED FEMALES MALES X GOT ALL RED EYED FLIES 50% males 50% females http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/sex.html

  10. XR XR Xr Xr XR yR yr Xr XXRR XXRR XXRr XXRr XyRR XyRRXyRr XyRr XyRr XyRrXyrr Xyrr XXRr XXRrXXrr XXrr MORGAN EXPECTED: RED-EYED MALES RED-EYED FEMALES WHITE-EYED FEMALES WHITE-EYED MALES

  11. Thomas Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies ACTUAL RESULTS from cross:RED EYED FEMALES RED EYED MALES WHITE EYED MALES NO WHITE EYED FEMALES! http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/sex.html

  12. GENE FOR EYE COLOR in Fruit flies IS CARRIED ON X CHROMOSOME So it acts as a single gene cross Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  13. XR XR Xr Xr XR XR y y XRXR XRXR XRXr XRXr XRXR XRXR XRXr XRXr XRy XRy Xry Xry XRy XRy Xry Xry RESULTS: NO WHITE-EYED FEMALES

  14. Genes located on the same chromosome form a ______________ group LINKAGE When traits do not appear in expected ratios…. they may be linked.

  15. X-linked genes are carried on the X CHROMOSOME X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDERS Color blindness Hemophilia Muscular dystrophy X-linked recessive disorders show up MORE frequently in _________________ X* X X* y MALES

  16. FEMALES CAN BE CARRIERSfor X-linked recessive disorders X* X* Females need 2 copies of the mutant gene to show the disorder PERSONS that carry a gene for a recessive disorder but DON’T show the disorder themselves are called __________________ X* X CARRIERS

  17. CARRIER DEFECTIVE NORMAL Carriers DON’T SHOW the trait themselves but can pass it on to their offspring Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  18. CARRIER ONLY FEMALES can be carriers for X-linked recessive disorders NORMAL DEFECTIVE Females have TWO X’s. Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  19. CARRIER Males CAN’T be carriers for X-LINKED RECESSIVE disorders DEFECTIVE NORMAL Only have one X chromosome Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  20. BOTH MALES and FEMALES can be carriers for _______________________ genes. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE NORMAL DEFECTIVEGENE AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDERS Phenylketonuria Cystic fibrosis Albinism Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  21. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought GENES can change places CROSSINGOVER http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  22. Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif Gametes get different gene combinations

  23. GENES that are _________________ are _________ likely to separate during crossing over in meiosis. FARTHER APART MORE Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

  24. Image modified from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif GENES that are _________________ are _________ likely to separate during crossing over in meiosis. CLOSE TOGETHER LESS

  25. We can tell where genes are on a chromosome by seeing how often they cross over. Geneticists use crossing over frequency to make a ____________________ that shows the location of genes along a chromosome Chromosome map

  26. http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/hairears.html SEX-LINKED and SEX INFLUENCEDTRAITS http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/geneprob.htm

  27. SEX LINKED TRAITS show up in different % in males and females because they move with the sex chromosomes

  28. Sex chromosomes can carry other genes X-LINKED GENES: Genes carried on the X chromosome EX: _____________ _____________ _________________________ Hemophilia Colorblindness Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

  29. Sex chromosomes can carry other genes Y-LINKED GENES: Genes carried on Y chromosome EX:Hairy pinna Y linked males. _________genes only show up in _______ Image from: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/hairears.html

  30. SEX INFLUENCED TRAITS Genes that are carried on ______________ BUT are affected by the ____________ of the individual that has the gene AUTOSOMES sex hormones

  31. Male Pattern Baldness Autosomal dominant gene http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/geneprob.htm

  32. YOUR SEX CHANGES THE EXPRESSION OF THE GENE B is dominant for baldness B’ is recessive for not bald If you are MALE: If you are FEMALE: BB = BB= BB’ = BB’= B’B’ = B’B’= BALD BALD BALD NOT bald NOT bald NOT bald

  33. PEDIGREES can help show how are genes passed on over generations

  34. Images modified from: http://www.beavton.k12.or.us/sunset/academics/genetics.htm PEDIGREE CHART Normal Male = Normal Female = Has trait = Carrier =

  35. http://www.beavton.k12.or.us/sunset/academics/genetics.htm

  36. http://www.ikm.jmu.edu/Buttsjl/ISAT493/Hemophilia/hemophiliaeurope.htmlhttp://www.ikm.jmu.edu/Buttsjl/ISAT493/Hemophilia/hemophiliaeurope.html

  37. How can we detect disorders? • BEFORE BIRTH • Amniocentesis • Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS) • Karyotype (need to get cells by Amnio/CVS 1st ) • Alpha feto protein (AFP) • AFTER BIRTH • PKU

  38. How can we detect disorders ? Image from: http://www.fiu.edu/~srose/pregchildbirth.doc Insert needle into sac around baby andwithdraw fluidcontaining baby’s cells Done at 14-16 weeks Karyotype can detect:missing/extra chromosomes Other tests can detect: Huntington’s; Cystic Fibrosis

  39. Chorionic Villi Sampling Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9181.htm Insert needleand take a sample of sack baby is growing in Done at EARLIER (8-10 weeks) Greater chance of miscarriage than with amniocentesis Can detect same disorders as amniocentesis but sooner

  40. Karyotype-(need cells from baby) Image from: http://members.tripod.com/~yenial/chromosome.html Can tell missing/extra chromosomes Gender Some deletions/additionsCan’t show point/frame shift mutations

  41. ALPHA FETO PROTEIN Test MOTHER’s blood during pregnancy Measures AFP protein made by baby that crossesover into mother’s blood Low AFP = possible Down/Turner syndrome High AFP = Spina bifida http://www.androusa.com/Blood%20Tubes.jpg

  42. PKUPhenylketonuria Blood test givento ALL babies before leaving hospital Special diet can prevent mental retardation http://www.androusa.com/Blood%20Tubes.jpg http://www2.coca-cola.com/presscenter/img/imagebrands/downloads/lg_dietcoke_can.jpg

More Related