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Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Application Protocol. Introduction. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA

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Wireless Application Protocol

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  1. Wireless Application Protocol

  2. Introduction • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services • WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA • WAP is based on existing Internet standards, such as IP, XML, HTML, and HTTP • Limitations: • Devices have limited processors, memory and battery life • User interface – display is small • Limitation of the wireless networks • Variability: devices, connection quality, stability, availability, expectations • usuability

  3. WAP Specifications • A programming model based on WWW programming model • A markup language, the Wireless Markup Language, adhering to XML • A specification of a small browser suitable for a mobile, wireless terminal • A lightweight communications protocol stack • A framework for wireless telephony applications (WTA)

  4. Protocols and Modules • Handout • Wireless Application Environment (WAE) • Application development platform that combines aspects of the Web and mobile telephony. Includes microbrowser, WML, WMLScript, and several data formats • Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) • Provides connection-oriented and connection-less service • Wireless Transport Protocol (WTP) • Connection-oriented service • Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) • Connection-less service • Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) • Provides data integrity, privacy, authentication

  5. WAP Programming Model • Elements: client, gateway, original server (Refer to the handout) • HTTP is used between gateway and the original server to transfer content • Gateway offloads the clients by providing services such as DNS, protocol conversions, caching, encoding, and decoding • Gateway acts as a proxy server • WAP architecture is designed to cope with the limitations of the mobile nodes and the wireless digital networks

  6. Wireless Markup Language (WML) • WML was designed to describe content and format for presenting data on devices with limited bandwidth, limited screen size, and limited user input capacity • Permits scaling of displays • Features: • Text and image support • Deck/card organizational metaphor • Support for navigation among cards and decks • Uses WMLScript that helps in interacting with the users

  7. i-Mode • i-Mode is a service that tries to eliminate the use of gateway and provide direct access to the Internet • Developed by DoCoMo, Japan, and is very popular • Terminals transmits data at 9600 bps that allows graphics and small text messaging • i-Mode telephones can access HTML files across the web using C-HTML • Next version of WAP will include i-Mode as an option

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