HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage

1. HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage Leaders in Siphonic Drainage

2. Topics Covered • Brief History of Siphonic Drainage • General Principles of Gravity Rainwater Drainage • Principles of Siphonic Drainage • Benefits and applications of Siphonic Drainage • Installation and Maintenance

3. Introduction to Siphonic Drainage • Prior to March 2007, there were no comprehensive product and design standards for siphonic drainage. • As such siphonic drainage was promoted by suppliers in different formats with various slants aimed at their own offerings • The HydroMax focus is on offering high quality, sustainable products with highly accurate and user friendly design software • Our approach is to dispel the “smoke and mirrors” educate how they work in accordance with the current British and/or American Standards • Technical Support to Design Engineers and Registered Installers

4. Siphonic Drainage – Brief History • Concept invented in Finland by Olavi Ebling in late 1960’s • First major installation in Sweden in 1972. • Unregulated Industry Grew through 1980’s • UK Government Commissioned Research during the 1990’s(Refer HR Wallingford SR 463 & SR 473) • European Standard BS EN 12056-3 introduced in 2000(1st Standard to include a section for Siphonic drains) • 2005 – ASME A112.6.9 Siphonic Drain Test issued in USA • 2006 – Singapore Standard SS 525 includes siphonic drainage • 2007 – Comprehensive Siphonic Drainage Standards published in UK and USA (BS 8490 and APSE 45)

5. What is HydroMax™Siphonic Roof Drainage? HydroMax™ is an innovative solution which utilises the power of a natural siphon to create a high-performance roof drainage solution.

6. Why use HydroMax™ Siphonic Roof Drainage? HydroMax™ is an Engineered Solution which provides many Technical Benefits HydroMax™ offers cost savingsnormally ranging from 25% to 45%!

7. What is wrong with Traditional Gravity Drainage Systems? Traditional Gravity drainage systems work but they are inefficient and have a number of factors restricting performance.

8. Restrictive Factors of Gravity Drainage • The water flow-rate is dictated by the gradient available (this gradient also restricts the distance a pipe can travel). • Multiple rainwater pipes in locations largely dictated by the gravity hydraulics rather than design team choice. • Gravity drains require ⅔ air to transport ⅓ water. • Vortex formation within vertical gravity pipes results in the water being transported in an inefficient spiral motion rather than straight through the pipe. • The driving force is only the depth of ponding or ‘head’ of water above the roof drain.

9. “High Performance” GravityDrain (from Manufacturers web-site) Gravity 10” Drain – Depth = 7.3” to Discharge 1500 GPM (250mm Drain – Depth = 185mm to Discharge 95 l/s)

10. HydroMax 125mm (5”) Drain Equivalent Flow(95 l/s – 1500GPM) Half the Diameter Half the ponding depth of the Gravity drain 125mm Drain – Depth = 95mm to Discharge 95 l/s

11. Vertical Gravity pipes run ‘full’ at only 1/3 water ⅓ water in annular flow ⅔ air core

12. Horizontal (Sloping) Gravity pipes • run ‘full’ at only 2/3 water

13. Typical Traditional Gravity Drainage System Multiple Downpipes Drainage under Building Floor Extensive Underground Drainage Sloping Underground Drainage makes for difficult routing to attenuation/harvesting

14. Principles of Gravity Drainage Vortex motion A large amount of Air is required to move a small amount of water. Extremely Inefficient Annular Flow Water adheres to pipe wall Central Air Core

15. No Air! Siphonic Drainage Why is HydroMax™ different from gravity drainage? Pipes run 100% full bore

16. Principles of HydroMax™ Siphonic Drainage • The Siphonic Roof Drain eliminates air entering the pipe promoting water filled pipework • The full bore of the pipe work carries the rainwater • Water, without air, accelerates down the vertical downpipe, creating negative pressure and naturally generating a high performance siphonic flow • The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater Drainage Solution

17. - gh PAtmos Siphonic Drainage - How it works The inducer on the roof drain prevents air ingress and so Rainwater falling down the vertical pipe accelerates, creating negative pressure

18. -gh PAtmos Siphonic Drainage - How it works More Height = Greater Negative pressure

19. -gh -gh PAtmos PAtmos Greater Negative Pressure = Higher Flow Rates The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater Drainage Solution Siphonic Drainage - How it works

20. Tail-pipes Horizontal collector pipe Downpipe Discharge Siphonic Drainage - How it works HydroMax Siphonic Systems are self-draining therefore the pipes are empty before a rainfall event Roof or Gutter HydroMax Roof Drain

21. HydroMax Roof Drain HydroMax System with Tailpipes primed Roof Pressure Tail-pipes Horizontal Collector Pipe Drop pipe Discharge

22. Priming of Main Pipe Work Stage 1 - Wavy or Gravity flow Air above water Gravity flow in pipework

23. Priming of Main Pipe Work Stage 2 - Plug flow Plug of water filling whole pipe at high velocities which achieves self-cleansing. Air pockets driven down pipework Tests have shown that self-cleansing can be achieved at as low as 10% to 15% of the design rainfall rate.

24. Priming of Main Pipe Work Stage 3 - Bubble flow Water filling whole pipe Air bubbles in suspension carried at high velocity

25. Priming of Main Pipe Work Stage 4 - Full-bore flow No more air entry – Air within Pipe now Fully Purged Water filling whole pipe

26. Fully Primed HydroMax System HydroMax Roof Drain NegativePressure Roof or Gutter Tail-pipes Horizontal Carrier Pipe The full height of the building provides the energy for this highly efficient Rainwater Drainage Solution Downpipe Discharge

27. Principles of HydroMax™ Siphonic Eliminate Air Ingress Pipes run Full-Bore with Water Building Height provides energy for High Self-Cleansing Velocities Extremely Efficient

28. HydroMax™ Siphonic Roof Drainage Video • Click Here

29. HydroMax™ Simulation of Non-Maintained Roof Click Here

30. Siphonic Roof Drainage System High Performance Roof Drains No Drainage Under Building Flexible, Downpipe Positioning Significant Reduction in Underground Drainage Route to Harvesting or Attenuation

31. System Comparison Traditional Gravity HydroMax Siphonic air core water in annular flow water No Air air core water water

32. Traditional Gravity Solution 530 metres Pipework Diameters 160mm to 450mm 60m 100m HydroMax Siphonic Scheme 360 metres HDPE Pipework Diameters 56mm to 200mm

33. HydroMax System Termination Manhole or Catch Pit to have Grate Cover Note: British Standard BS 8490 states the size of free area for the Grate should be twice cross sectional area of siphonic pipe. American ASPE Technical Design Standard 45 does not dictate the size of vented area. Siphonic pipework should enter manhole chamber above the drain invert and be clear of any standing water to ensure free discharge

34. Vertical Siphonic Pipe Important: Below Grade Drain must be vented and sized to take the volume of discharge under Gravity flow conditions. Do not size to match siphonic Pipe diameter. HydroMax Siphonic System Termination Offset (if required) to line up with below grade pipe Flex-Seal flexible, expansion coupling

35. HydroMax Siphonic System Termination Important: If siphonic drainage is utilised to drain part way down a high rise building – A siphon break point must be adequately vented to atmosphere at the point of transition to gravity flow.

36. HydroMax Siphonic System Termination Ventilated to Atmosphere Siphonic flow Break to Gravity flow Recommended Vent size being Two-Thirds Gravity Pipe size (two-thirds air to one third water in the gravity pipe)

37. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Retail Chains

38. Royal Ascot Racecourse Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Stadia Ricoh Stadium and Arena, Coventry Stadium of Light, Sunderland

39. Dundrum Retail Shopping Malls with multi-level Car Parks Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage 313 Orchard Road, Singapore

40. Commercial Office Buildings Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Accident Fund, Lansing E-Tek Flagship Trinidad Stryker HQ, Newbury

41. Accommodation/Hotels/Prisons Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Student Accommodation, Wembley Johnstone CountyDetention Center Ibis Hotel, Singapore

42. Hospitals Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Forest Park Medical Center, Dallas Mercy Hospital, Des Moines, IA

43. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Apartment Blocks Podium Decks

44. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Green Roofs

45. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Siphonic Drains installed at waterproofing membrane level Green Roofs

46. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Airports Gimhae South Korea

47. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Warehousing & Distribution Centres 110,000m² for Tesco

48. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Manufacturing Plants

49. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Flagship Projects Scottish Parliament

50. Suitable Projects for Siphonic Drainage Flagship Projects Masdar City MIST 1B, Abu Dhabi