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Wide-Area File Systems in the TeraGrid

Wide-Area File Systems in the TeraGrid. Chris Jordan Steve Simms Patricia Kovatch Phil Andrews. What are WAN File Systems?. A single “file system” entity that spans multiple systems distributed over a wide area network Often but not always spans administrative domains

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Wide-Area File Systems in the TeraGrid

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  1. Wide-Area File Systems in the TeraGrid Chris Jordan Steve Simms Patricia Kovatch Phil Andrews

  2. What are WAN File Systems? • A single “file system” entity that spans multiple systems distributed over a wide area network • Often but not always spans administrative domains • Makes data available for computation, analysis, viz across widely distributed systems • Key usability aspect is that there is nothing special about a WAN-FS from the user perspective – no special clients, no special namespace, etc

  3. A Long History in TeraGrid • First demonstration by SDSC at SC 2002 • Numerous demonstrations at Supercomputing • Several production file systems past and present • Many TeraGrid research projects have used the production WAN file systems • Many TeraGrid research projects have used experimental WAN file systems • Continuing research, development, and production projects from 2002-2010

  4. WAN File System Challenges • Security • Identity mapping across administrative domains • Control of mount access and root identity • Performance • Long network latencies imply a delay on every operation • Appropriate node/disk/network/OS configuration on both client and server • Reliability • Network problems can occur anywhere • Numerous distributed clients can inject problems

  5. Milestones • Series of early SC demos by SDSC, IBM, others • GPFS-WAN demonstration and production • GPFS-WAN Version 2.0 • Lustre-WAN Demos at SC (Indiana, others) • Indiana’s Data Capacitor • Lustre-WAN 2.0 R&D – “J-WAN” • TG-Wide Lustre-WAN (Current deployment)

  6. Early Tests and Demonstrations • SC 2002 – SAM-FS over wide area using FC over IP • Phil Andrews, Tom Sherwin, Bryan Banister (SDSC) • SC 2003 – early GPFS-WAN demo w/ IBM • Andrews, Banister, Patricia Kovatch (SDSC) • SC 2004 – 28Gbps over TG backbone using GPFS • Andrews, Kovatch, Banister, Chris Jordan(SDSC) • SC 2005 – Intercontinental GPFS demonstrated with DEISA sites • Jordan, Kovatch, Andrews, and many DEISA admins • SC 2007 – pNFS clients demonstrated w/ GPFS

  7. GPFS-WAN 1.0 • First Production WAN File System in TeraGrid • Evolution of SC04 demo system • 68 IA64 “DTF Phase one” server nodes • .5 PB IBM DS4100 SATA Disks, Mirrored RAID • ~250 TB Usable storage, ~8GB/sec peak I/O • Still the fastest WAN-FS ever deployed in TeraGrid (30Gb/s) – network got slower afterward • Utilized GSI “grid-mapfile” for Identity Mapping • Utilized RSA keys w/ OOB exchange for system/cluster authentication

  8. Use of GPFS-WAN 1.0 • Production in October 2005 • Accessible on almost all TeraGrid resources (SDSC, NCSA, ANL, NCAR) • Required major testing and debugging effort (~1 year from SC 2004 demo) • BIRN, SCEC, NVO were major early users • Lots of multi-site use in a homogeneous computing environment (IA64/IA32) • BIRN Workflow – compute on multiple resources, visualize at Johns Hopkins

  9. Transatlantic File Systems • DEISA is built around multiple WAN-FS instances • SC’05 GPFS demo between TeraGrid and DEISA • Special network link between GEANT and TG (10Gb) • GPFS-WAN mounted at multiple sites in Germany • Multiple DEISA file systems mounted on SDSC IA64 cluster (Italy, France, Germany) • Achieved 1Gbps performance in both directions

  10. SC ‘07 Demo • Export GPFS-WAN via pNFS • 6 pNFS servers at SDSC • 2 pNFS clients at SC • Other clients at NCSA, ORNL • Saturated 10/20 Gb/s link from SDSC pNFS Client TeraGrid Network pNFS Server SDSC pNFS Client pNFS Client GPFS-WAN Server SDSC

  11. GPFS-WAN 2.0 • In production late 2007 • Replaced all Intel hardware with IBM p575s • Replaced all IBM Disks with DDN arrays • Essentially everything redundant • Capacity expanded to ~1PB raw • Added use of storage pools and ILM features • Remains in production 3 years later • However, licensing and attrition have slowly reduced the number of systems capable of using GPFS-WAN…

  12. Meanwhile, in flyover country… • Indiana’s Data Capacitor: • NSF MRI grant • Lustre-based WAN file system • Identity mapping based on custom “uid table” • System/Cluster authentication using firewall rules • DC-WAN Production began late 2008 • Now mounted on BigRed, Mercury, Cobalt, Pople, Lonestar, QueenBee… • Steve Simms initially did most of the work himself • Now, a whole support team

  13. IU’s Data Capacitor WAN • Purchased by Indiana University • Announced production at LUG 2008 • Allocated on Project by Project basis • 1 pair Dell PowerEdge 2950 for MDS • 2 pair Dell PowerEdge 2950 for OSS • 2 x 3.0 GHz Dual Core Xeon • Myrinet 10G Ethernet • Dual port Qlogic 2432 HBA (4 x FC) • 2.6 Kernel (RHEL 5) • DDN S2A9550 Controller • Over 2.4 GB/sec measured throughput • 360 Terabytes of spinning SATA disk • Currently running Lustre 1.8.1.1

  14. 2007 Bandwidth Challenge:Five Applications Simultaneously • Acquisition and Visualization • Live Instrument Data • Chemistry • Rare Archival Material • Humanities • Acquisition, Analysis, and Visualization • Trace Data • Computer Science • Simulation Data • Life Science • High Energy Physics

  15. Challenge Results

  16. DC-WAN Applications • Wide range of applications and domains • Several projects spanning both TeraGrid and non-TeraGrid resources • Utilized as a simple “bridge” to bring data into TG • Has also been used for transatlantic mount to Germany • Diverse range of systems with DC-WAN lends itself to use in workflows

  17. Lustre-WAN 2.0 at PSC • J-WAN – Josephine Palencio • Support use of Kerberos for identity mapping and user authentication • Potentially very convenient for management of user identities and authorization • Kerberos is well-accepted, widely used • Many other valuable features of Lustre 2.0 • Successful tests with storage at PSC and SDSC, client mounts at several TeraGrid sites

  18. Lustre-WAN 2.0 History • Systems have been operational for over 2 years • Successful tests have been done with distributed storage at PSC and SDSC • Work is ongoing to improve, harden Kerberos and other features of Lustre 2.0 • Still pre-release, but expected to appear late this year

  19. TG-Wide Lustre-WAN • Lustre 1.8 now supports distributed storage • Storage nodes can be co-located with compute, vis resources for local access to data • 6 Sites installing storage, 1PB total usable • Will use Indiana’s UID-mapping mechanism • Almost all TeraGrid resources are now compatible • Single namespace and access mechanism will make data on Lustre-WAN near ubiquitous in TeraGrid • Planned for production October 1 2010

  20. Still much to be done • Caching of remote data on local/faster storage • Improved hierarchical data management • Integration with Archive systems • Support for pNFS/NFSv4 • Various forms of redundancy/reliability/availability • Improved identity mapping and management

  21. What have we learned? • Most important lesson is that users love widely-mounted file systems • Site-wide file systems are becoming the norm • WAN file systems are already widely used (TG, DEISA) • Additional resources add to value of WAN file systems in a non-linear fashion • Most important missing features are automated data management and link to archives

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