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ASAS SAINTIFIK KEGIATAN MANUSIA

ASAS SAINTIFIK KEGIATAN MANUSIA. Norlena Salamuddin, PhD Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sains Sukan. Pengenalan Sains Pergerakan Manusia Kepelbagaian bidang Kepelbagaian Aplikasi. Asas Saintifik Pergerakan Manusia. Kemunculan Satu Disiplin Ilmu Saintifik

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ASAS SAINTIFIK KEGIATAN MANUSIA

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  1. ASAS SAINTIFIK KEGIATAN MANUSIA Norlena Salamuddin, PhD Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

  2. SainsSukan Pengenalan • SainsPergerakanManusia • Kepelbagaianbidang • KepelbagaianAplikasi

  3. AsasSaintifikPergerakanManusia KemunculanSatuDisiplinIlmuSaintifik • Disiplinilmusaintifikmempunyaifokusutama • Pencantumanbeberapadisiplinmembentuksatudisiplinbaru • Ditambahdengankemajuandalampenyelidikan • Minat yang samaseringmenjadipencetus

  4. AsasSaintifikPergerakanManusia SainsSenamdanIlmuBerkaitan • Ilmuutama yang pelbagaitermasuklah: • Fizik • Kimia • Anatomy/Fisiologi • Perubatan

  5. AsasSaintifikPergerakanManusia • Satudisiplinakademik • Suatupengetahuan formal yang ditemui, dibangunkandandisebarkanmelaluipenyelidikan • Ciri-ciridisiplinakademik • Satubidangpengetahuan • Mempunyaikerangkakonseptual • Prosedurakademikdankaedahpenyelidikan yang tepat • Ada proses penemuandanhasilakhirnya

  6. SkopSainsSukan – tigabidangutama • Psikologi: merangkumiaspekperlakuandalambersukantermasuklahaspekpembelajaran • Fisiologi: bagaimanasistemfisiologibertindakbalasdanpenyesuaianterhadaplatihan • Biomekanik: bagaimanaprinsip-prinsipfizikdanmekanikalmendasaripergerakanmanusia

  7. ApakahSainsSukan?

  8. SAINS SENAM SAINS SUKAN MEKANISMA ADULT FITNESS/ MEDICAL ASPECTS PAEDIATRIC FACTORS GERIATRIC FACTORS ERGONOMICS NUTRITION PERFORMANCE

  9. Biology: interdisciplinary study of life

  10. EXERCISE SCIENCE: GENERAL TERM - • study of biological responses and adaptations to exercise and training • depends upon the disciplines of biomechanics, physiology, psychology, sociology, mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering • includes various specialities

  11. SPORT SCIENCE: • enhancement of sport performance and sport equipment through the application of scientific methods and principles

  12. EXERCISE SCIENTISTS: • - uses exercise or training to understand biology • SPORT SCIENTISTS: • - uses biology to understand sport • function to bridge the gap between science and sport

  13. To be a better sport scientist(s): 1. be a very good scientist 2. be interested in the sport(s) and the development of elite performance 3. knowledge of sport(s) – personal interest 4. knowledge of training practices and outcomes 5. be willing to train like they do ? – better understand the sport 6. regular discussions with athletes and coaches 7. understand the politics 8. provoke thought -challenge Become part of the sport.

  14. BidangSainsSukan • FisiologiSenam • The study of the causes and consequences of bodily functioning and changes occurring due to physical activity • Based on an understanding of the anatomic and physiological bases of human movement • Investigates the biochemical reactions that supply muscles with energy • Examines changes in the cardiovascular system and other physiological parameters

  15. BidangSainsSukan • PerubatanSukan • The study and application of the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports injuries • Design and help implement conditioning programs • Assess injuries and needs for immediate first aid • Provide preventive taping and treatment modalities • Work with physicians to help athletes regain their abilities to perform

  16. BidangSainsSukan • Pembelajaran motor • The study of the internal processes associated with movement or repetitive actions that result in changes in response or performance • Important to the learning of motor skills are: • Relationship of movements to prior knowledge and skills • Transfer of learning • Involvement of cognitive processes • Types of practice sessions • Feedback • Building on the neuro-muscular pathways learned through motor control, motor learning, knowledge of results, feedback, and optimal practice methods

  17. BidangSainsSukan • Perkembangan motor • The maturation and changes in motor behavior throughout life and the factors that affect them • Performance of motor skills is influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors • Throughout life, individuals progress from unskilled movements to the learning of complex motor patterns • Perceptual-motor skills are especially important to the learning of sport skills

  18. BidangSainsSukan • BiomekanikSukan • The study of the effects of anatomical and physiological effects of natural laws and internal and external forces acting on the human body during movement • Factors that influence human movement include: • Force of muscular contractions • Flexion, extension, pronation and supination of muscles • Composition of muscle fibers • Equilibrium, center of gravity, and base of support • Transfer of momentum • Force absorption • Leverage • Biomechanical analyses examine acceleration, energy, mass, power, torque, and velocity

  19. BidangSainsSukan • SejarahSukan • The descriptive and analytical examination of significant people, events, organizations, and trends that shaped the past • Descriptive history explains • Events • Individual contributions • Pivotal happenings • Analytical history explains • The significance of historical occurrences • Interpretations within the societal context

  20. BidangSainsSukan • PengurusanSukan • The study of the theoretical and applied aspects of leading, planning, organizing, staffing, funding, and conducting sporting events • Includes management functions planning, organizing, directing and evaluating • Involves business components of marketing, accounting, economics, finance and law

  21. BidangSainsSukan • FalsafahSukan • The study of the beliefs and values of humans as displayed within sport and an analysis of their meaning and significance • Examines the beautiful and ugly and the good and bad in sport • Seeks an understanding of how and why people play and engage in sport

  22. BidangSainsSukan • PsikologiSukan • The study of human behavior in sport, including an understanding of the mental processes that interact with motor skill performance • Includes the study of the theories of learning, importance of reinforcement, and linkages of perceptual and motor factors • Involves a understanding of achievement motivation, arousal, attribution, and personality development

  23. BidangSainsSukan • SosiologySukan • The study of sport as a social phenomenon and an examination of the social structures, • Seeking to understand why people play and how their involvement with sports influences them • Examines concepts such as social mobility, class and gender stratification, racial and ethnic discrimination, team dynamics, and social consciousness and values

  24. BidangSainsSukan • Teknologi • Incorporates the use of computer software as a tool to achieve physical education, exercise science and sport goals • Exercise and sport scientists use technology hardware and software to help in the analysis of human movement, to measure the effectiveness of exercise programs on bodily functions, and for data collection and analysis • The internet provides access to articles published in professional journals and via search engines

  25. BidangSainsSukan • PengajianIlmuKemanusiaan • Help focus on the aesthetic aspects of movement, such as through art, literature, and music • Art includes various forms of dance and sculptures of athletes and human movement • Literature can include sports biographies as well as analytical critiques about sport and physical activity • Music can accompany human movement to enrich the experience

  26. SPORTS SCIENCE:BASIC FUNCTIONS 1. EDUCATION 2. SPORTS TESTING AND FEEDBACK 3. RESEARCH

  27. EDUCATION 1. coach (coaching the coach)/students 2. athlete 3. other sports scientists – mentor junior scientists

  28. SPORTS TESTING AND FEEDBACK • INTEGRATED APPROACH • PICK THE BEST TESTS - BUT!!! • - relatively simple test - good reliability • - insure fast and reliable feedback for coaches and athletes • - make sure results are comprehensible and usable • ONGOING RE-EXAMINATION OF TESTING SERVICE

  29. RESEARCH • a diligent and systematic enquiry or investigation in order to discover facts or principles • to investigate carefully • SEARCH FOR TRUTH AND CLARITY • CURRENTLY - WITHOUT RESEARCH – SPORT IS RARELY PUSHED AHEAD

  30. RESEARCH AND SPORT SCIENCE 1. Practical 2. How can it be applied – not always apparent to the coach/athlete 3. Performance oriented - coach - sport scientists interaction - results should be reported ASAP - often carried out within the sports testing programme

  31. A NECESSITY: INTEGRATED • PROGRAMME PLANNING • Why should coaches be interested in Sport Science? • – a good coach does not simply imitate but innovates • - Art and Science • IDEALLY-SPORT SCIENCE AND COACHES WORK TOGETHER TO FORMULATE A TRAINING/TESTING PROGRAMME

  32. THE IDEAL: DELIVERING SPORT SCIENCE TO THE ELITE ATHLETE AND COACHES MSN COACH/ATHLETE PersatuanSukan DATA COLLECTION Komiti Kejurulatihan

  33. TESTING/RESEARCH/PROGRAMME PLANNING: TWO IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

  34. EXERCISE CONTINUUM STRENGTH EXERCISE POWER EXERCISE ENDURANCE EXERCISE ? STRENGTH TRAINING POWER TRAINING ENDURANCE TRAINING

  35. RECOVERY RECOVERY RECOVERY

  36. AsasSaintifikPergerakanManusia Summary Points • Exercise Science and Sports Science are new fields of study formed by merging other disciplines • Major areas of concentration include: physiology, biomechanics and psychology • Anecdotal evidence can be presented through: testimonial approach, tenacity, knowledge of authority, and rationalistic method

  37. AsasSaintifikPergerakanManusia Summary Points(cont.) • Scientific method uses : controlled observation, hypothesis, and experimentation • Basic research lays foundation for Applied and “Translational” research, which allows for improvements to specific areas of Exercise and Sports Science

  38. THE END

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