Unit 4: Ecology Vocab Remember to do a Vocab Menu Option!

1. Unit 4: Ecology Vocab Remember to do a Vocab Menu Option! Carbon cycle Carnivore Decomposer Ecology Food chain Herbivore Omnivore Primary consumer Producer Secondary consumer Water cycle

2. Monday, Nov. 5th • Reminders • Late work still be accepted. • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: _______________ is the process by which plants make sugar with sunlight. • Begin Ecology: Interactions Notes

3. Update to Late Work Policy • Reminder: you lose 5 points per day (including weekends) that any assignment is turned in after the due date • Update: late work for a unit will not be accepted after that unit’s exam • All vocab, worksheets, study guide, etc. must be turned in by the exam day • I will send home a letter this week about this

4. Ecology Part 2: Energy Flow, Nutrient Cycles, & Species Interactions Essential Question: How are the entities of life interconnected?

5. Ecology Unit Topics • Energy Flow & Food webs • Nutrient Cycles • Water • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Species interactions • Competition • Symbiosis

6. Energy Flow in Ecosystems Ultimate source of energy = sun Plants, algae, & some bacteria capture solar energy - perform photosynthesis Organelle that performs photosynthesis = chloroplast (pigment inside = chlorophyll)

7. Photosynthesis • = Carbon dioxide + water + solar energy  sugar (glucose) & oxygen • CO2 + H20 + solar energy  C6H12O6 + O2 Reactants Products

8. Photosynthesis • Performed by producers = an organism that makes its own food via photosynthesis* • Aka autotrophs

9. From producers to …. • Consumer = an organism that gets energy by eating other organisms • Aka heterotroph • Converts sugar into usable energy through cellular respiration • Organelle that performs cellular respiration = mitochondria

10. Cellular respiration • = Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide & water & energy (ATP) • C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + ATP Energy molecule Reactants Products

11. Consumers can be categorized by… • What is eats: • Herbivore: eats producers • Carnivore: eats other consumers • Omnivore: eats producers & consumers • Scavenger:eats dead large animals • Decomposer: breaks down dead producers & consumers (bacteria & fungi)

12. Assignment for Today • Turn over Guided notes • Follow instructions: • Fill in Blank Cells • Answer 1-5 at bottom • Finish article The World’s Largest Dump: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch • WRITE QUESTIONS & Answers to the following on a sheet of paper that has your NAME, DATE, PERIOD, & TITLE: • What is the North Pacific Gyre? • What kinds of trash are in it? • How big is the Giant Pacific Garbage Patch? • What damage does plastic causes? • Beyond plastics, how else is the trash hurting animals? • Where does most of this trash come from?

13. Required: Draw in Notes!

15. Tuesday, Nov. 6th • Reminders • Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is Friday, Nov. 9th • Focuses on energy flow & food webs • Biome Project is due Wed., Nov. 28th • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: TRUE/ FALSE. Plants have mitochondria. • Cont. Ecology Notes: Food Webs • Food Web worksheet

16. Reminder: No talking during Notes (Lecture) Depending on prior disciplinary actions • You need to remain silent & pay attention during notes • You SHOULD NOT be talking to your neighbors or having “silent” conversions across the room • Raise your hand if you have a question or comment • If I see or hear your talking: • Verbal warning • Silent lunch • Classroom detention • Leave room & write-up

17. Consumers can also be categorized by trophic level • In a food chain/ web, each step is called a trophic level • Producers = 1st trophic level • Herbivores = primary consumers – 2nd trophic level • Carnivores & Omnivores = secondary consumers – 3rd trophic level • And so forth…

18. Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer / carnivore Primary consumers/ herbivores Producers Required: Draw/write this food web in your notes. Fungi & bacteria

19. Trophic Level Energy Loss • Energy flows through our environment (sun  organisms  space) • Energy is lost as it flows (2nd Law of Thermodynamics) • At each trophic level: • 90% of energy from food is used for life functions (such as movement, reproduction, homeostasis) • Some energy is lost as heat • Remaining 10% energy becomes part of organisms body & available to next trophic level

20. Energy Pyramids • Each layer of pyramid represents a trophic level • Only 10% of energy makes it to next level • B/c so much energy is lost at each level, there are fewer organisms as go up • Loss of energy limits the # of tropic levels in ecosystems • Usually have <5 Example: a single lion needs ~250 km2 of land to hunt

21. Assignments for Today • SILENTLY work on Food Web worksheet (homework grade) – DUE AT END OF CLASS or TOMORROW @ BEGINNING OF CLASS! • SILENTLY Study for Vocab Quiz • Work on missing work, if applicable • Work on other class’s work

22. Wednesday, Nov. 7th • Reminders • TURN IN FOOD WEB WS HW • Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is Friday, Nov. 9th • Focuses on energy flow & food webs • Biome Project is due Wed., Nov. 28th • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: ______% of energy is generally available to the next trophic level. • Letter home re: late policy • Energy Pyramid Math Problems • Energy Pyramid in the Biomes Activity

23. Energy Pyramid Math Problems – write these in your notes! • If the producers in an ecosystem capture 1000 units of energy, how many units are available to the primary consumers? • Answer: 100 units • 1000 x 10% (0.1) = 100 units to next level • If the producers in an ecosystem capture 5000 units of energy, how many units are available to the tertiary consumers? • Answer: 5 units • 5000 for producers  500 for primary consumers  50 for secondary consumers  5 for tertiary consumers

24. Energy Pyramids in the Biomes Activity • By Yourself or In Partners – Pick a biome: • Estuary in Florida • Coral reef in Caribbean • Sonoran Desert in Arizona • Kodiak wildlife refuge in Alaska (tundra) • Ft. Pierre national grassland in South Dakota • Kenyan Savanna • Brainstorm appropriate organisms for your biome • Will need: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, & tertiary consumer. • Create a food chain • Get copy of pyramid

25. Energy Pyramids in the Biomes Activity cont. • 1st pyramid side : label each level with the following terms as you move up the pyramid: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer • 2nd pyramid side: label each level with the following terms as you move up the pyramid: plants, herbivores, carnivores/omnivores, top carnivores • 3rd pyramid side: label each level of the with the following as your move up the pyramid: 1000, 100, 10, 1 • 4th pyramid side: Write & Draw your biome’s food chain • Cut out & fold your pyramid on the lines radiating from the center and tape it together! Put Names & FINISHED

26. Thursday, Nov. 8th • Reminders • TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME • Turn in Late work if applicable – Food Web ws • Progress Report Grades get posted this afternoon • Unit 5 Vocab Quiz is TOMORROW! • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: The products of photosynthesis are: • Food Webs of the Ogeechee River “Lab” Activity

27. Food Webs of the Ogeechee River “Lab” Activity • You will work with a partner already sitting at your table! (unless otherwise directed) • Steps: • Obtain Instruction Handout & read it • Fill in table on the “Organisms Found within the Ogeechee River” Handout • Obtain pictures of organisms • Cut & paste pictures of organisms to create a food chain (following instructions) (on blue computer paper) • Answer the 10 Assessment Questions found on the Instruction Handout (on a separate sheet of paper) • Make sure both names are on everything, staple it all together & hand it in – LAB GRADE

28. Friday, Nov. 9th • Reminders • TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: The products of cellular respiration are: • Unit 5 Vocab Quiz • Finish Food Webs of the Ogeechee River “Lab” Activity & TURN IN! • Food Source & Symbol Table • Food Web on Blue sheet of paper • Answer to 10 questions on separate sheet of paper • Food Web in the Desert worksheet (classwork grade) Staple & TURN IN

29. Tuesday, Nov. 13th • Reminders • TURN IN SIGNED LETTER HOME • Work from last week: • Food Webs of Ogeechee River Lab • Desert Food Web worksheet • Ecology Vocab Quiz • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: No Bellringer • Species Interactions Notes • Symbiosis worksheet

30. How Species Interact • What is being depicted in this cartoon? • Essential Question: How are the entities of life on Earth interconnected?

31. Roles in one’s environment • Niche = the unique role of a species within an ecosystem • Includes: • What it eats & what eats it • Environmental alterations • Interactions with other species

32. Species interactions can include: • Predator/prey • Competition = relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource • What resources might be competed over? • Symbiosis = relationship in which 2 species live in close association

33. 3 Types of Symbiosis: 1. Mutualism = relationship where both organisms benefit (+,+)

34. 3 Types of Symbiosis: 2. Commensalism = relationship where one organism benefits & the other doesn’t benefit but doesn’t get hurt either (+,0)

35. 3 Types of Symbiosis: 3. Parasitism = relationship where one organism benefits and the other gets hurt (+,-)

36. Which interaction is this?

37. Which interaction is this?

38. Which interaction is this?

39. Assignments for Today • Symbiosis worksheet • If applicable, finish & turn in Desert Food Web worksheet from Friday • BOTH DUE AT END OF CLASS TODAY!

40. Thursday, Nov. 15th • Reminders • No hats or ear buds! • Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy Letter • Today’s Schedule • Bellringer: The relationship between flowers & pollinators is called ___________. • Important Roles Notes • Correct Interdependent Organisms ws • Planet in Peril video

41. keystone Other Important Roles that Organisms Play: • Keystone species: have a large effect on other species & biodiversity • Top predators • Examples: • Alligator • Sea otter • Gray wolf

42. Other Important Roles that Organisms Play: • Indicator species: provide early warning of damage to a community • Examples: • Frogs – warn of water pollution • Birds & Butterflies – warn of air pollution • Aquatic insects – warn of water pollution

43. Other Important Roles that Organisms Play: • Foundation species: Create or enhance their habitats, which benefit others • Ex: Alligators, beavers, elephants

44. creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl population Foundation species nesting sites for birds increased fish population Foundation Species

45. Assignment • Get back Interdependent Organisms worksheet • We are checking our answers • Keep this in your notebook!

46. Thursday, Nov. 15th • Reminders • No hats or ear buds! • Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy Letter • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: Frogs, butterflies & birds are examples of _____________ species. • Relationships Among Organisms Mix & Match Activity

47. Relationships Among Organisms Mix & Match Activity • Instructions: • Obtain 3 sheets: • Mix & Match Directions sheet • Mix & Match Answer sheet & Crossword Puzzle • Mix & Match Symbiosis Direction sheet • Cut out squares using scissors provided • Identify relationships and glue into appropriate column on given table; add appropriate +, -, or 0 • Complete Crossword Puzzle • Complete Mix & Match Symbiosis Assignment: at least 3 fictional stories – can write on the back of the sheet DUE @ END OF PERIOD TO IN BOX – whatever you have done!

48. Friday, Nov. 16th • Reminders • No hats or ear buds! • Turn in Signed Progress Report & Late Policy Letter • Biome Project is due WED., Nov. 28th(test grade) • Today’s Schedule: • Bellringer: ________ is when individuals or species try to use the same limited resources • Cycles of Matter Notes: Carbon Cycle • Carbon Cycle worksheet • Planet in Peril video

49. Cycles of Matter (Biogeochemical Cycles) • In terms of matter, Earth is a closed system • Nothing enters or leaves, just recycled • This is the Law of Conservation of Matter! • Important cycles: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, water

50. Carbon Cycle = process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, & organisms (during photosynthesis & cellular respiration) • Steps: Write steps or Copy picture into notebook!