授課教授：任維廉老師 報告人： 9832515 許程詠

1. 授課教授：任維廉老師報告人：9832515許程詠 Chapter ElevenInnovation and Change

2. 自我介紹 • 人種：嘉義人 • 經歷 : 協同高中→東海工工→交大運管 • 嗜好 : 上網，打球 • 論文方向 : 利用灰色理論在遺失資料插補的應用

3. Outline • Why need changes? • How to change? • Strategy types of changes • Implementations of changes • Q&A

4. Environmental Forces Driving the Need • Global Changes, Competition and Markets • Technological Change • International Economic Integration • Maturation of Markets in Developed Countries • Fall of Communist and Socialist Regimes • More Threats • More domestic competition • Increased Speed • International competition • More Opportunities • Bigger markets • Fewer barriers • More international markets • More Large-Scale Changes in Organizations • Structure change Mergers, joint ventures, consortia • Strategic change Horizontal organizing, teams, networks • Culture change New technologies, products • Knowledge management, enterprise New business processes • resource planning E-business • Quality programs Learning organizations

5. Changes • Type of changes（變革） • Incremental changes • Radical changes • Elements for successful changes Internal Creativity and Inventions Suppliers Professional Associations Consultants Research literature Organization 1. Ideas 3. Adoption 4.Implementation 2. Needs Customers Competition Legislation Regulation Labor force 5. Resources Perceived Problems or Opportunities

6. Incremental Change Radical Change Continuous progression Paradigm-breaking burst Affect Organizational part Transform entire organization Through normal structure and management processes Create new structure and management Breakthrough technology Technology improvements Product improvement New products, new markets

7. Strategic Types of Change Leadership Vision Product and Service Strategy and Structure Culture Technology International Environment The Market

8. Technology Change General Manager Creative Department Expand capabilities — Explore and develop new ideas (Organic structure) 有機組織 Using Department Exploit capabilities — Routine application of new ideas (Mechanistic structure) 機械組織 • Switching structures -- brainstorm new ideas • Creative departments -- organic and mechanistic • Venture teams -- new-venture fund • Corporate entrepreneurship -- idea or management champion

9. New Product Success Rates

10. Organization Environment Environment New products and Services Market success rate for R&D projects: 14% → Customer’s need ! General Manager Technical Developments Customer Needs Coord R&D Department Coord Marketing Department Coord Coord Coord Production Department Horizontal Coordination Model

11. Strategy and Structure Change Dual Core Approach • Administrative changes -Design and structure of a organization -control and information systems, authority hierarchy and departmental grouping. Type of Innovation Desired Administrative Structure Technology Administrative Core Technical Core Direction of Change: Top-Down Bottom-Up Examples of Change: Strategy Production Downsizing techniques Structure Workflow Best Organizational Design for Change: Mechanistic Organic

12. Culture Change • Forces for culture change • Reengineering/Horizontal organization • Diversity • The learning organization (organization development; OD) • OD culture changes interventions（干預） • Large group intervention • Team building • Interdepartmental(跨部門) activities

13. Strategies for implementing changes • Most important crucial and difficult. • Leadership for change

14. Strategies for implementing changes • Barriers to change • Excessive focus on costs • Failure to perceive benefits • Lack of coordination and cooperation • Uncertainty avoidance • Fear if loss of power or status • Techniques for implementation • Establish a sense of urgency for change • Establish a coalition to guide the change • Create a vision and Strategy for change • Develop plans to overcome resistance to change • Create change teams • Foster idea champions

15. Q&A • 創新和變革（改變）在企業中時常發生，如何界定兩者的不同？ • 通常變革（改變）會帶來員工的抗拒，如何解決？