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Impact of compost on the collembola Folsomia candida

FAL, Reckenholz Discussion «Compost project», 29.10.04. Impact of compost on the collembola Folsomia candida. Carine Staempfli, Fodé Niang, Kristin Becker van Slooten Laboratoire de chimie environnemental et d’écotoxicologie (CECOTOX) ENAC-ISTE

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Impact of compost on the collembola Folsomia candida

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  1. FAL, Reckenholz Discussion «Compost project», 29.10.04 Impact of compost on the collembola Folsomia candida Carine Staempfli, Fodé Niang, Kristin Becker van Slooten Laboratoire de chimie environnemental et d’écotoxicologie (CECOTOX) ENAC-ISTE Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Suisse

  2. Objectives • Evaluate the impact of compost on the collembola Folsomia candida • Tests with a mixture compost/natural Swiss soil • Tests with aqueous extracts

  3. Evaluation of the substances according to soil function • Living space for soil communities • Microbial • Fauna tests (soil or extracts) • Living space for plants • Plant tests • Root symbioses tests • Retention capacity of the soil and risk for the ground water • Aquatic tests with soil extracts

  4. Abdomen Thorax Manubrium Dentes Furca Mucron Rétinacle Organe post- antennaire Tube ventral Antenne (4 parties) Collembole: Folsomia candida

  5. Disavantages • Parthenogenic reproduction • Small size • Sensibility to salt? Avantages • Ecological importance • Well known biology and ecologie • Wide geographical distribution • Easy to culture • Rapid life cycle • High reproduction rate • Parthenogenic reproduction

  6. Breeding of Folsomia candida

  7. Obtention of juveniles of 10 days old 1. Transfer adults in a new breeding container 2. Layed eggs can be observed 3 days later 4. Take out the unhatched eggs and wait 10 days 3. Transfer the eggs 9 days later

  8. Characteristics of three Swiss reference soils

  9. 2. Contamination of the soil Dilution with compost or adding an extract 4. After 28 days, adults and juveniles are counted Water and bromophenol blue Reproduction test with Folsomia candida (ISO protocole) 1. Choice of a natural soil 3. Introduction of the individuals 10 collembola, 10 days old

  10. Adult and juvenile collembola at the end of the test

  11. Validity of the test Mortality of adults should not exceed 20% at the end of the test Reproduction rate should reach a minimum of 100 juveniles Coefficient of variation of reproduction should not exceed 30%

  12. Reproduction rate of Folsomia candida in the three Swiss soils compared to the artificial soil

  13. Soil contamination with compostWorst case Aplication rate : 100 tons / ha

  14. Tested Composts

  15. Salt concentration of 26 mmol/kg dw can reduce the egg survival Characteristics of mixture soil-composts

  16. Results of reproduction tests

  17. Preparation of the compost Air dried for 3 or 4 days under a laminar flow hood Big pieces of wood were removed Chopped and sieved at 2 mm Stored at -20°C

  18. 1. Ratio water/compost ~ 3 2. The mixture is tumbled for 24 hours 4. Supernatant is collected 3. Centrifugation 1400 rpm for 30 min Step of aqueous extraction of compost samples The quantity of compost used corresponds to the quantity mixed with 30 g of soil Lise Samsøe-Petersen: NORDTEST Project: Test for Compost Maturity and Ecotoxicity

  19. Results with the extracts

  20. Results with the extracts

  21. Comparison with analytical results PNEC PCA 0.8 mg/kg (European Union Risk Assessment Report) Imazalil LC50 Eisenia foetida 541 mg/kg Thiabendazole and Dimethomorph LC50 Eisenia foetida >1000 mg/kg

  22. Conclusion Three soil-compost mixtures (5, 16, 19) induced between 28 and 35% inhibition of the reproduction, one sample (10) stimulated the reproduction The water extract of the compost 16 induced the same level of effect No correlation can be established between the toxicity obtained and the pH, the salinity, and the measured concentration of PCA or fongicide The pore-water phase seems to be responsible of the toxicity. Heavy metals???

  23. Perspectives • Test aqueous extract on daphnia (Daphnia magna) and bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) • Test effect of the mixture compost/soil on the reproduction of the 2nd generation of F. candida • Test effect of the mixture compost/soil on the reproduction of Folsomia fimetaria a sexually reproducing species living on agricultural soils • Other ecotoxicity tests (microbial processes)? To discuss…

  24. Exposure in contaminated soil Day 0 Day 10 F0: 10 to 12 days old F0: 20 to 22 days old Extraction of adults by flotation, transfer to clean soil 28 d reproduction in clean soil Day 10 Day 28 to 38 F0: 20 to 22 days old F0: 38-48 to 48-50 days old F1: 7 to 17 days old Extraction by flotation Selection of 8 to 12 days old organisms from F1 and transfer to clean soil Day 28 to 38 Day 56 to 66 28 days reproduction in clean soil F1: 36 to 40 days old F1: 8 to 12 days F2: 0 to 16 days old Protocol for multigeneration effect testing

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