UNDP-ICSSR International Workshop, New Delhi April 20-22, 2005

1. Governance Indicators for Pro-Poor and Gender-Sensitive Policy Reform Poverty and gender sensitive governance indicators: African and Latin American experiences UNDP-ICSSR International Workshop, New Delhi April 20-22, 2005 Javier Herrera, Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud (DIAL-IRD) http://www.dial.prd.fr

2. Governance indicators: main issues(workshop background paper) • Poverty and gender oriented • Policy-action oriented • Nationally owned and participatory • Methodologically sound

3. Survey characteristics

4. The ownership process in PeruThe strategy: A bottom-up approach • The strong national ownership (project adopted by INEI; part of the National Statistical System, financed by national budget; results used as policy input by Ministry of Finance + Prime Minister Cabinet) • The enlarged participatory process in designing and analyzing the survey (civil society participation) • The institutionalization of the process of revision of the survey design • The potential for South-South cooperation (from Peruvian experts towards other Andean countries)

5. Public good: data available in the web ensures demand for governance survey (http://www.inei.gob.pe) and public debate • Drawbacks: • every NGOs and public institution wishes to add specific questions or modify sample design overlooking technical considerations; • International comparisons jeopardized Lessons: • Discussions should be framed by pilot experience and technical guidance by National Statistics Office

6. Wide consultation process • National • Public Agencies • Ministerio de Economía • Contraloría General de la República • Defensoría del Pueblo • Congreso de la República • Presidencia del consejo de Ministros • Comisión Nacional de la Juventud • Civil Society • Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (NGO) • Ciudadanos al Día (NGO) • Academic centres • International • The World Bank (in depth discussions and videoconference)

7. Disaggregation • By institutions allowing precise diagnosis and favoring more focused policy intervention. In which public institutions governance problems are more acute? • Regional/local level: • some regions may suffer more than other from governance problems • There are local-specific governance issues (ie. descentralization policies; local accountability).

8. Incidence of corruption within Public Agencies Note: has been asked, felt forced or gave voluntarily gifts, tips, gratuities, bribes, etc.

9. % of poor and non poor that support descentralization

10. Do you agree that the decentralization process has implied?

11. RobustnessProbabilistic surveys allows a quantitative assessement of indicators’ precision (also relevant for group and intertemporal comparaisons) In your opinion, corruption since last year? Source: our estimation based on ENAHO july 2003-june 2004

12. Time series • Relevant to evaluate policies. Allows to construct a baseline against witch public policy can be monitored and outcomes compared over the intervention period. • Replication over time increases data quality; is a necessary condition for policy impact and causality analysis

13. Assessment of the corruption evolution in Peru Source: our estimations based on ENAHO 2003-2004

14. Multidimensional governance indicators Disaggregated by institutions and from the poor and socially discriminated viewpoint At the national, regional and local level Time series Objective indicators • Public administration efficiency (incidence and costs) • Corruption (incidence and costs) • Anticorruption protection Governance

15. Subjective indicators • Major country problems • Public administration efficiency • Confidence/trust on institutions • Corruption level and past year evolution • Working of democracy • Civil and human rights

16. Confidence in the institutions

17. Main problems of the Country

18. Public services failures

19. % of households who found immediately in their office the civil servant requested for different services:

20. Percentageof unsatisfied users (HHs) according to poverty:

21. Democracy • Support to democratic values • Assessment of the working of democracy in Peru

22. Supportto democratic values Importance of democracy

23. Working of democracy In this country, democracy is working

24. Working of democracy In this country, democracy is working

25. Evolution of democracy Do you think that democracy has improved since 1990?

26. Support to a democratic government

27. In this country are human rights respected?

28. Assessment of politicians What do you think of politicians?

29. Political participation The poorest have been excluded from voting in the latest presidential elections

30. Why didn’t you vote?

31. Evolution of democracy Do you think that democracy has improved since 1990?

32. Support to a democratic government

33. In this country are human rights respected?

34. Assessment of politicians What do you think of politicians?

35. Political participation The poorest have been excluded from voting in the latest presidential elections

36. Conclusions on DIAL/METAGORA experience • The ownership process • The creation of public goods • The Governance questions added to a multitopic large scale household survey • Multidimensionality of governance approach • Desaggregation at regional & local levels • Relevant disaggregation for poverty/discrimination (gender & ethnic) analysis • Robustness assessment and group/time comparisons • The time series indicators for monitoring over time

37. « La valeur du débat public s’applique aussi à la réflexion sur la démocratie même. C’est une bonne chose que les pratiques de la démocratie aient été minutieusement analysées dans les écrits sur les affaires internationales, car certaines insuffisances peuvent être décelées dans ce qui a été accompli par de nombreux pays possédant des institutions démocratiques types. La discussion publique autour de ces carences est non seulement un moyen efficace pour essayer d’y remédier, mais c’est aussi exactement la façon dont la démocratie, selon le mode du débat, est censée fonctionner. En ce sens, les défauts de la démocratie exigent plus de démocratie, et non pas moins ». Amartya Sen (2005), La démocratie des autres. Editions Payot-Rivages.

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