1 / 48

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition. Chapter 14 Network Configuration. Objectives. Describe the purpose and types of networks, protocols, and media access methods Understand the basic configuration of TCP/IP Configure a NIC interface to use TCP/IP. Objectives (continued).

wesley-miles
Download Presentation

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition Chapter 14 Network Configuration

  2. Objectives • Describe the purpose and types of networks, protocols, and media access methods • Understand the basic configuration of TCP/IP • Configure a NIC interface to use TCP/IP Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  3. Objectives (continued) • Configure a modem, ISDN, and DSL interface to use PPP and TCP/IP • Understand the purpose of host names and how they are resolved to IP addresses • Use common network utilities to interact with network services Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  4. Networks and TCP/IP • Network: Two or more computers joined via network media and able to exchange information • Local Area Networks (LANs): Computers within close proximity • Wide Area Networks (WANs): Computers separated by large distances • Internet service provider (ISP): Company providing internet access Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  5. Networks and TCP/IP (continued) • Routers: Devices capable of transferring packets between networks • Protocols: Set of rules for communication between networked computers • Packets: Packages of data formatted by a network protocol • Media access method: Defines how networked computers share access to the physical medium Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  6. Networks and TCP/IP (continued) • Linux network protocols: • TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) • UDP/IP (User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol) • IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequence Packet Exchange) • Appletalk • DLC (Data Link Control) • DECnet (Digital Equipment Corporation network) Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  7. Networks and TCP/IP (continued) • Ethernet: Most common network media access method • Token Ring: Popular media access method • Media access method usually contained on NIC or modem hardware Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  8. The TCP/IP Protocol:IP Addresses • IP address: Unique number that identifies a networked computer • Octets: Series of four 8-bit numbers • Unicast: Directed TCP/IP communication between two computers Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  9. The TCP/IP Protocol:IP Addresses (continued) • IP addresses composed of two parts: • Network ID: Network computer is located on • Host ID: Single computer on that network • Cannot have two computers with same host ID on a network • Only computers with same network ID can communicate without a router Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  10. Subnet Masks • Define which part of IP address is the network ID and which part is the host ID • Series of four 8-bit numbers • ANDing: Calculate network and host IDs from an IP address and subnet mask • Compare binary bits Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  11. Subnet Masks (continued) Figure 14-1: A sample IP address and subnet mask Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  12. Subnet Masks (continued) • 0.0.0.0 = all networks • 255.255.255.255 = all computers • 255 in an IP address can specify many hosts • Broadcast addresses Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  13. Default Gateway • IP address on router that sends packets to remote networks • Routers can distinguish between different networks • Move packets between them • Have assigned IP addresses on each attached network Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  14. TCP/IP Classes and Subnetting • IP address class defines default subnet mask of associated device • Multicast: TCP/IP communication destined for a certain group of computers • Class D addresses • Subnetting: Divide a large network into smaller networks • Control traffic flow • Take bits from host ID, give to network ID Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  15. TCP/IP Classes and Subnetting (continued) Table 14-1: IP address classes Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  16. Configuring a NIC Interface • ifconfig command: Assign TCP/IP configuration to a NIC • Also used to view configuration of all network interfaces in computer • dhclient command: Receive TCP/IP configuration from DHCP or Boot Protocol (BOOTP) server Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  17. Configuring a NIC Interface (continued) • /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<interface> file: Stores NIC configurations • Packet internet groper (ping) command: Check TCP/IP connectivity on a network Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  18. Configuring a NIC Interface (continued) Figure 14-2: Configuring network interfaces Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  19. Configuring a NIC Interface (continued) Figure 14-3: Configuring TCP/IP information for a network interface Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  20. Configuring a PPP Interface • Run TCP/IP over serial lines • Use a WAN protocol • Three common Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) technologies: • Modems • ISDN • DSL Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  21. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-4: Adding a network interface Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  22. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-5: Selecting modem hardware Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  23. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-6: Selecting ISDN hardware Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  24. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-7: Specifying ISP settings Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  25. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) • Information about PPP devices stored in files named ifcfg-<InternetServiceProviderName> • /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts directory • Other configurations used by PPP daemon stored in /etc/ppp and /etc/isdn Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  26. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-8: Specifying TCP/IP settings Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  27. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-9: Configuring an xDSL connection Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  28. Configuring a PPP Interface (continued) Figure 14-10: Activating a PPP connection Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  29. Name Resolution • Hostnames: User-friendly computer name • FQDN: Hostname following DNS convention • DNS: Hierarchical namespace for host names • hostname command: View or set a computer’s host name Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  30. Name Resolution (continued) Figure 14-11: The Domain Name Space Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  31. Name Resolution (continued) • TCP/IP cannot identify computers via hostnames • Must map hostnames to IP addresses • Entries in /etc/hosts file • ISPs list FQDNs in DNS servers on Internet • Applications request IP addresses associated with FQDN Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  32. Connecting to Network Resources • Network resources: • Shared printers • Applications • Files • To use network resources, must have appropriate network utilities Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  33. Downloading Files Using FTP • Most web browsers have built-in FTP utility • FTP utility: Downloads files from FTP servers Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  34. Downloading Files Using FTP (continued) Figure 14-12: Using a Web browser FTP client Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  35. Downloading Files Using FTP (continued) Table 14-2: Common FTP commands Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  36. Downloading Files Using FTP (continued) Table 14-2 (continued): Common FTP commands Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  37. Accessing Files with NFS • NFS: Common method for file transfer between UNIX and Linux computers • Not as common as FTP • Mount directory from a remote computer Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  38. Accessing Windows Files • Mount shared Windows directory to local directory • Filesystem must be smbfs • smbmount command: Mount directories from Windows computers • smbclient utility: Connect to shares on a Windows system • umount command: Unmount Windows directories Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  39. Running Remote Applications • Access to BASH shell may be obtained by connecting to a server across a network • telnet utility: Most common utility used to obtain BASH shell over a network • No encryption • Secure Shell (ssh) utility: Uses encryption Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  40. Running Remote Applications (continued) • rlogin: Obtain a shell from remote computer on network • “r” utilities allow access to remote computers without a password • Trusted access: Computers allowed to access a computer without providing a password Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  41. Accessing E-mail • Post Office Protocol (POP): Download e-mail messages from e-mail server • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): View e-mail messages across network • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): Sending mail from MUA to e-mail server • Mozilla Mail is most common MUA for Linux Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  42. Accessing E-mail (continued) Figure 14-13: Configuring a mail account in Mozilla Mail Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  43. Accessing E-mail (continued) Figure 14-14: Using Mozilla Mail Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  44. Accessing E-mail (continued) • Linux systems typically use an internal mail system designed for administration • Daemons e-mail root user when important events or problems occur • mail utility: Basic e-mail reader available on most Linux distributions • mutt utility: Popular MUA • Can run in a terminal Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  45. Accessing E-mail (continued) Figure 14-15: The mutt mail user agent Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  46. Summary • A network is a collection of computers that are connected together and share information • Protocols define the format of information that is transmitted across a network • The protocol used by the Internet and most networks is TCP/IP • Each computer on a TCP/IP network must have a valid IP address and subnet mask Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  47. Summary (continued) • The /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts directory contains the configuration for NIC and PPP interfaces • The TCP/IP configuration of a network interface can be specified manually or obtained automatically from a DHCP or BOOTP server • Host names are used to easily identify computers on a network; host names that follow the DNS are FQDNs Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  48. Summary (continued) • Host names must be resolved to an IP address before network communication can take place • Files, applications, and e-mail can be accessed across the network with the appropriate network utility Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

More Related