Health and Safe Living

1. Health and Safe Living • What is health? • What does it mean when your body functions effectively?

2. Good Physical Health This means that: • Your heart & lungs pump efficiently. • Your organs work without strain. • Your immune system is working well. • You have supple muscles and strong bones.

3. Mental and Emotional Health

4. What contributes to good health? • Having good strategies to cope with life’s ups and downs.

5. Being in supportive, loving relationships.

6. Taking time to relax and play.

7. What is preventative Health Care? Def: Leading a lifestyle which avoids , where possible, things that are known to be: - harmful or - contribute to disease.

8. Important areas to work on: 1. Developing healthy eating habits.

9. 2. Minimizing unhealthy habits (smoking, excessive drinking, watching too much TV.)

10. 3. Maintaining a healthy weight.

11. 4. Increasing physical activity.

12. 5. Reducing stress.

13. 6. Having a positive outlook.

14. 7. Expressing emotions.

15. Additional preventative tips • Go for regular medical checks. • Visit your doctor if you have persistent heath problems. • Have eyes, ears tested. Visit dentist once per year.

16. Preventative tips cont. • Protect your skin from sunburn. • Practise safe sex. • Sit with the correct posture.

17. Follow safety instructions when operating machinery. • Wear a seat belt when driving.

18. What are lifestyle diseases? Def: These are diseases which reduce our lifespan prematurely. Cause? The unhealthy way we live.

19. Relationship between: - Risky behaviour AND Risk factors AND Disease. See p 1 of module (bottom of page).

20. What are the common lifestyle diseases? • Hypertension • Cancer • Heart disease • HIV

21. 1. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) • What is this? • ¼ adult South Africans affected. Advancing age. • No symptoms. • Onset sudden: stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure. • Early diagnosis = impact

22. 2. Heart Disease

23. The heart is a muscle. • Like all muscles, it needs oxygen to work properly. • Oxygen taken to the heart via two coronary arteries. • If oxygen supply threatened = problems.

25. Atherosclerosis Def:The build up of fatty sludge consisting of cholesterol, proteins and tissue (like plaque). Causes: hardening of arteries. Arteries narrow, blood supply restricted, oxygen supply restricted.

26. Over time fatty sludge can cause artery to crack. • Blood clots can block artery completely.

28. Are you are at risk? • Family history of disease.

29. A high fat diet

30. Reduce you risk. Things which you can do: • Enjoy a healthy diet: fruits and vegetables. • Cut out too much red meat. Substitute with lean, white meats. • Reduce sugar intake. • Increase exercise. Get moving! • Stop smoking. • Reduce excessive drinking.

31. 3. Cancer Why does it seem as though more people are getting cancer than in former centuries? What is your understanding of what cancer is? Causes?

32. Cancer A cell is affected by carcinogens e.g. from cigarettes, sun or radioactivity. The carcinogens affect the cell’s DNA (which is the genetic material which tells the cell how to behave.) As a result, the DNA cannot pass on the correct information to tell the cell how to multiply normally. Instead, the cell starts to multiply uncontrollably.

33. The mutant cells produce harmful substances and invade other cells, destroying them. Although cancer is serious, most types can be successfully treated if caught in the early stages.

36. Facts about cancer • ¼ people in the industrialised world develop some form of cancer in their lifetime. • 200 different kinds of cancer.

37. http://www.medicinenet.com/skin_cancer_pictures_slideshow/article.htm#http://www.medicinenet.com/skin_cancer_pictures_slideshow/article.htm#

38. Symptoms to check out : • A lump somewhere on your body • Changes in a mole on your skin • A cough or hoarseness that won't go away • A change in bowel habits • Difficulty in swallowing or continuing indigestion • Any abnormal bleeding

39. Symptoms cont. • A sore or ulcer that won’t heal • Difficulty passing urine • Unexplained weight loss • Unexplained pain • Feeling very tired all the time • Skin changes • Unexplained night sweats

40. Other info • Susceptibility to cancer can be inherited. • Sun damage is cumulative. • You can reduce your risk by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

41. Reducing the risk: • Don’t smoke. • Keep fit • Eat a healthy diet rich in fibre, low in fat. • Avoid carcinogens: - exhaust fumes - asbestos dust - radiation, etc

42. Reducing risk cont. • Protect yourself from the sun. (Skin cancer is common and preventable.) • Be on the lookout. Examine breasts, testicles, under arms. • Visit the doctor. Women who are sexually active, should have regular pap smears.

43. For homework • Complete the worksheet about: Feelings and attitudes about life-threatening conditions. To discuss in class.

44. Common Chronic Conditions: Asthma and diabetes • Ashma and diabetes are two of the most common chronic diseases. • Asthma can affect anyone. • Diabetes is rapidly becoming more common because of people’s lifestyle.

45. 1. Asthma • Youtube: asthma attack video • link

46. In summary : Asthma occurs when: • 1. Small airways of lungs inflamed causing linings to swell. • Airways constrict and flow of air into chest is hindered. • Person can’t breath, wheezes, coughs. • If exposed to pollens, smoke, pollution, these irritate airways and airways contract.

47. How to treat asthma? • With medication. Why? To prevent inflammation of airways or medication to relieve the symptoms when they occur. Inhaling a reliever drug widens the airways.

48. Match Column A with Column B

49. Match Column A with Column B

50. DIABETES • Insert youtube video of “Diabetes overview”/what is diabetes and how to treat it.