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Prevention of Electrical Fire

Prevention of Electrical Fire. Er. Michael Mak Project Director GSM Pte. Ltd., Singapore 30 th April 2013. Heating Effect of Current When current passes through a conductor, it generates heat. E = I 2 . R . t. Introduction to Electricity. Relationship between Voltage, Current

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Prevention of Electrical Fire

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  1. Prevention ofElectrical Fire Er. Michael MakProject DirectorGSM Pte. Ltd., Singapore30th April 2013

  2. Heating Effect of Current When current passes through a conductor, it generates heat. E = I2 .R . t Introduction to Electricity Relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance: Ohm’s Law V = I.R

  3. Electrical Fire • Electricity does not burn. • The items around the electrical sources may burn.

  4. Electrical Fire Causes of Electrical Fire • Heat generated by excessive current flow due to electrical short circuits, overloaded circuits, or faulty electrical equipment. • Improperly set, improperly selected or faulty protective devices. • Heat generated by current flowing through loose conductor termination. • Electrical equipment deterioration that is left unchecked, causing malfunction or electrical failure. Normal deterioration can be accelerated by factors such as hostile environment, overload or severe duty cycle. • Circuit alterations, load changes or additions, that are not monitored.

  5. Electrical Fire Effects of Electrical Fire • Fire accidents causing injuries to personnel, loss of lives, and/or loss of properties. • Costly breakdowns causing unplanned shutdown of production equipment.

  6. Prevention of Electrical Fire Maintenance of Electrical Equipment • SS 538: 2008 – Code of Practice for Maintenance of Electrical Equipment of Electrical Installations. • This Code covers the maintenance of electrical equipment for voltages up to and including 22kV. • Statutory requirements: • Workplace Safety and Health Act (Cap. 354A), Workplace Safety and Health (General Provisions) Regulations – Ministry of Manpower. • The Electricity Act (Cap. 89A), Electricity (Electrical Installations) Regulations 2002 and the Electricity (Electrical Workers) Regulations 2002 – Energy Market Authority. • Responsibility: • The Owner/Proprietor shall primarily be responsible to maintain reliable performance of their electrical equipment with advice and assistance from Licensed Electrical Worker (LEW). • It is the responsibility of Owner/Proprietor to engage a LEW of the appropriate class to secure a licence and take charge of his electrical installation. • No person other than the LEW shall be permitted to operate the electrical installation.

  7. Prevention of Electrical Fire Maintenance of Electrical Equipment • First Year Maintenance: • All switchgear and controlgear should be examined prior to commissioning, and inspected or examined within 12 months of commissioning. It is also advisable to inspect all equipment shortly before the expiry of the manufacturer’s warranty. • For newly commissioned installations, the first servicing should be carried out by the end of the first year, in view of the equipment’s vulnerability to initial problems during the first year. • Routine Maintenance:

  8. Prevention of Electrical Fire Maintenance of Electrical Equipment • Routine Maintenance: • Air-Insulated Switchgear and Gas-Insulated Switchgear for voltages above 1kV and up to and including 22kV. • Power and Distribution Transformers. • High-Voltage Power Cables. • Low-Voltage Switchboard. • Air-Break Switchgear and Fuses. • Low-Voltage Power Cables and Cable Tray/Trunking System.

  9. Prevention of Electrical Fire Maintenance of Electrical Equipment • Testing of Low-Voltage Electrical Installation: • Insulation-Resistance Testing. • Protective Device Testing. • Contact Resistance Testing. • Equipment Earth Impedance Testing. • Earthed Conductor (Neutral) Impedance Testing. • Infrared Inspection. • Three-Phase 4-Wire Neutral Current Testing.

  10. Prevention of Electrical Fire Insulation Resistance Testing

  11. Prevention of Electrical Fire Contact Resistance Testing

  12. Prevention of Electrical Fire Equipment Earth Impedance Testing

  13. Prevention of Electrical Fire Infrared Inspection

  14. Prevention of Electrical Fire 3-Phase 4-Wire Neutral Current Testing

  15. Thank you.

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