FAST: A Faceted Application of Subject Terminology

1. FAST: A Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Classification Crosswalks Workshop Joint Conference on Digital Libraries June 28, 2001 Presented by Ed O’Neill

2. Background • Enormous volume and rapid growth of resources available on the World Wide Web. • Emergence of numerous metadata schemes have spurred a re-examination of the way subject data is to be provided for web resources efficiently and effectively.

3. Metadata • Simplicity refers to the usability by non-catalogers to allow the creation of metadata records by persons not necessarily trained in sophisticated methods of bibliographic control. • Semantic interoperability enables users to search across discipline boundaries and, desirably, also across information retrieval and storage systems.

4. ALCTS/SAC/Subcommittee: Requirements • Be simple and easy to apply and to comprehend, • Be intuitive so that sophisticated training in subject indexing and classification, while highly desirable, is not required in order to implement, • Be logical so that it requires the least effort to understand and implement, • Be scalable for implementation from the simplest to the most sophisticated.

5. Options for Metadata We are limited to three basic choices in selecting an indexing/subject heading schema for metadata: • The use an existing schema(s), • Adapt or modify an existing schema. • Develop new schema(s),

6. Objective of FAST Project • Develop a new subject heading schema based on LCSH suitable for metadata which is easier to use, understand, and maintain. • Minimized the need to construct headings, • Simplify the syntax, • Retain the richness of the vocabulary.

7. Simplify the Complex Syntax and Rules

8. FAST Team • Ed O’Neill, OCLC • Diane Vizine-Goetz, OCLC • Kerre Kammerer, OCLC • Eric Childress, OCLC • Rebecca Dean, OCLC • Lois Mai Chan, University of Kentucky • Lynn El-Hoshy, Library of Congress

9. Synergy ALCTS/SAC OCLC Library of Congress

10. Advantages of LCSH • Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas, • It has the strong institutional support of the Library of Congress, • Synonym and homograph control, • Has been extensively used by libraries, contained in millions of bibliographic records, • Has a long and well-documented history.

11. Card Format • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. • Cataloging--United States. • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. • Classification--Books. • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. • Originally created for card catalogs—a 3x5 card environment, • Pre-coordinated vocabulary, • Design limits number of entries.

12. Coverage of LCSH Topical Authority File

13. Coverage of Geographic Authority File

14. Patterns Subdivisions Pattern subdivisions, like free-floats, are subdivisions which have general application. However, the scope of patterns is limited to particular types (patterns) of headings. Patients is one of several hundred subdivisions that can be used with headings for individual or types of diseases and other medical conditions … Burns and scalds x Patients

15. Combining Pattern Subdivisions Burns and scalds x Patients x Family relationships Burns and scaldsis an established heading, Burns and scaldsis covered by the disease pattern, Patientsis authorized under the pattern for diseases Burns and scalds x Patients becomes a class of persons, Family relationships is authorized under the pattern for classes of persons.

16. FAST Requirements • Usable by people with minimal training and experience, • Enables a broad range of users to assign subject terminology to web resources: • Bibliographers • Faculty • Reference staff • Amenable to automated authority control, • Compatibility with use as embedded metadata, • Focus on making use of LCSH as a post-coordinate system in an online environment.

17. Facets Topical Agriculture Personal Names Corporate Names Conference/Meetings Uniform Titles Geographic Ohio—Dublin Form Guidebooks Period 1901 - 2000

18. FACET: Topical • LCSH main headings from topical headings (650), • All associated general ($x) subdivisions from any type of LCSH heading, • Period subdivisions containing topical aspects from any type of LCSH heading, • All topical headings will be established in an authority file.

19. FAST: Topical Headings Industrial project management—Data processing. Colombian poetry Blacksmithing—History. Epic literature—History and criticism. Pets and travel Quartets (Pianos (2), percussion) Natural gas pipelines—Economic aspects School psychologists Blood banks Loudspeakers—Design and construction

20. FACET: Geographic • Geographic name will be established and applied in indirect order, [Ohio—Columbus not Columbus (Ohio)], • First level geographic names will be limited to names from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio, France, Great Lakes, etc.) • Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the smallest first level name in which it is fully contained (North America—Maya Forest) • Qualifiers are only be used to identify the type of geographic name (Kingdom, Satellite, Duchy, Princely State, etc.). • All geographic headings will be established in an authority file.

21. Charlevoix Search Example

22. Charlevoix (LCSH headings) Charlevoix (Mich.) Charlevoix (Quebec) Charlevoix County (Mich.) Charlevoix County (Quebec) Charlevoix Harbor (Mich.) Charlevoix Region (Mich.) Charlevoix Region (Quebec) Charlevoix Site (Mich.) Charlevoix, Lake (Mich.) Charlevoix-Est (Quebec : Regional County Municipality) Charlevoix-Est (Quebec) Charlevoix-Est County (Que.) Charlevoix-Est County (Quebec) Charlevoix-Ouest (Quebec) Charlevoix-Ouest County (Que.) Charlevoix-Ouest County (Quebec) Clermont (Charlevoix-Est, Quebec) Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Holy Island (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Horton Creek (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Horton Creek Marsh, Charlevoix County, (Mich.) Lake Charlevoix (Mich.) Lake Charlevoix (Michigan) Marion (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Michigan—Beaver Island (Charlevoix County) Michigan—Charlevoix Michigan—Charlevoix County Michigan—Charlevoix Region Michigan—Charlevoix, Lake Michigan—Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County) Michigan—Horton Creek (Charlevoix County) Michigan—Lake Charlevoix Michigan—Marion (Charlevoix County) Michigan—Peaine Township (Charlevoix County) Michigan—St. James Township (Charlevoix County) O'Neill Site, Charlevoix County, (Mich.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix Co. Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix East Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix Region Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix West Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est (Regional County Municipality) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Ouest Quebec—Charlevoix Region Quebec—Charlevoix-Est Quebec—Charlevoix-Ouest

23. Charlevoix (FAST headings) Michigan--Charlevoix Michigan--Charlevoix County Michigan--Charlevoix County--Deer Creek Watershed Michigan--Charlevoix County--Holy Island Michigan--Charlevoix County--Horton Creek Michigan--Charlevoix County--Beaver Island Michigan--Charlevoix County--Marion Michigan--Charlevoix County--O'Neill Site Michigan--Charlevoix County--Peaine Township Michigan--Charlevoix Harbor Michigan--Charlevoix Region Michigan--Lake Charlevoix Quebec ………………………….

24. Uses table developed based on LC documentation (e.g., SCM, FFS:AAI), and independent correspondence, LCSH tagged headings not containing $v will be processed for correction prior to validation, All form headings will be established in an authority file. FACET: Forms

25. Example of Forms Translations into French Rules Dictionaries—Swedish Controversial literature—Early works to 1800 Translations into Russian Statistics—Databases Textbooks for foreign speakers—English—Juvenile literature Slides Directories Correspondence—Juvenile literature Records

26. FACET: Period • Chronological headings will reflect the actual time period of coverage for the resource, • Chronological headings will be expressed as a numeric date or date range. • Authority records will be created for period subdivision except when necessary for notes or cross-references.

27. Example of Faceting (DC view) 650 0 Slavery $z United States $v Fiction. Subject Slavery Coverage.spatial United States Type Fiction

28. Interoperability between LCSH and FAST • Separating syntax from semantics, the syntax can be simplified while retaining the richness of vocabulary in LCSH is retained, • FAST and LCSH can co-exist.

29. For more information: Chan, Lois Mai et. al. “A Faceted Approach to Subject Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record.” Journal of Internet Cataloging. Volume 4, no. 1-2, 2001, p. 35-47. O’Neill, Edward T. et. Al. “Form Subdivisions: Their Identification and Use in LCSH.” Accepted for publication in Library Resources & Technical Services. For a copy of this presentation: www.wcp.oclc.org/FAST