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Dr. Shama Mashhood Medical Educationist KMDC

Vancouver. Referencing Technique. Dr. Shama Mashhood Medical Educationist KMDC. Vancouver. Vancouver group: Established guidelines for format of manuscripts submitted to their journals Guidelines first developed by the NLM, published in 1979

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Dr. Shama Mashhood Medical Educationist KMDC

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  1. Vancouver Referencing Technique Dr. Shama Mashhood Medical Educationist KMDC

  2. Vancouver • Vancouver group: • Established guidelines for format of manuscripts submitted to their journals • Guidelines first developed by the NLM, published in 1979 • Group expanded to International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) • Included ethical principles related to publication in biomedical journals • Revised on a regular basis

  3. Importance of referencing • Verification • Authentication • To protect oneself from charges of plagiarism.

  4. Referencing in Vancouver Style • used in medical and scientific journals. • Numeric citation system • requires only a number in the body of the paper, • while at the end of the work there should be a numbered list of the references used.

  5. In-text citing • A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the text Preferable style is either in brackets or in superscript. [ ] , e.g.….. innovative learning1 • If the source is referred to again, the same number is used. • e.g.…...as one author has put it "the darkest days were still ahead" [1]: which is well documented in the literature. [2-5] This proves that "the darkest days were still ahead". [1]

  6. Multiple References • use a hyphen to join the first and last numbers that are inclusive. • Use commas (without spaces) to separate non-inclusive • e.g. 2,3,4,5,7,10 is abbreviated to • (2-5,7,10)

  7. How to create a Reference List • Reference list should appear at the end of the assignment / report. • Entries are listed numerically and in the same order that they were cited in the text. Example: 1. Baker PN, editor. Obstetrics by ten teachers. 18th ed. London:Hodder Arnold; 2006. 2. Delbridge ML, Harry JL, Toder R. A human candidate spermatogenesis gene, RBM1, is conserved and amplified on the marsupial Y chromosome. Nat Genet. 1997; 15: 131-136.

  8. Examples Personal Author: Adam RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. Editor(s) or Compiler(s): Diener HC, Wilkinson M, editors. Drug-induced headache. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988. Organization as author: Virginia Law Foundation. The Medical and legal implications of AIDS. Charlottesville: The Foundation, 1987.

  9. Chapter in a book(or part of a book to which a number of authors have contributed) • Elements of the citation: • Author's (of the chapter) surname initials. Title of chapter. In: Editor's surname initials, editor. Title of the book. # ed. [if not 1st] Place of publication: Publisher's name; Year of publication. p. #.[page numbers of chapter] e.g. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York:McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

  10. Journal citations • Main Elements of a journal citation: Example: • 1. Author's surname Initials. Title of article. Title of Journal. [abbreviated] Year of publication Month date; Volume number (issue number): page numbers

  11. Examples Volume with supplement Leff J. Working with the families of schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164 Suppl 23: 71-76. Issue with supplement: Hirschfeld RMA, Holzer CE. Depressive personality disorders: clinical implications. J Clin Psychiat 1994 Apr; 55 (4Suppl): 10-17. Journal article in Electronic format: Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm

  12. “Vancouver” Publication Info, Internet sources • Indicate type of source in square brackets after title (But this practice varies widely according to journal/instructor) • e.g., [monograph on the Internet] or [serial online] • Internet sources require a final sentence beginning Available from: e.g. Available from: http://nursingworld.org/member2.htm

  13. Editing Check sheet for References List • Each entry complete? • Author/Title (s)/Date/Pub. • Each element in order? • Each entry using right form? • Patterns of Capitalizing/ • (non-)Italicizing/ Standard Abbreviating/ Punctuating • List matchesin-text citations (numbers or superscripts)?

  14. How to Master “Vancouver Style” • Read journals that use “Vancouver Style,” and be conscious of writers’ choices • Practice using “Vancouver Style” for many different kinds of sources, papers • Ask • Follow instruction of leading journal in your field

  15. Thank you!

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