chomp!

1. Present Perfect Tense chomp! chomp!

2. Principle Parts of Verbs We call these the principle parts of the verb Every German verb has three basic forms.

3. These “parts” combine and change in various ways to form all tenses, voices, and moods of the verb. • They are the… • Infinitive • Simple past • Past participle Let’s talk about weak verbs… Verbs are classified as weak, strong, or irregular, depending on how they form their second and third part.

5. Just like we learned in the last lesson…some verbs require an “e” between the stem and ending for pronunciation This is the case for verbs that end in -d, -t, -m, or -n

7. Verbs ending in –ierenare usually weak. Infinitives with more than two syllables do not have a ge- prefix in the participle.

9. I’ve heard enough about the weak! I want to hear about the strong verbs!

10. Strong Verbs • There are not as many strong verbs as weak, but they are frequently used verbs such as essen, trinken, sprechen, gehen, and schlafen. • They experience a stem vowel change in the simple past and often the participle. • The principal parts must be memorized.

12. Sein and werdenare strong verbs

13. 75 Common verbs you need to know: • beginnen, begann, begonnen (to begin) • beißen, biss, gebissen (to bite) • bieten, bot, geboten (to offer) • binden, band, gebunden (to tie, bind) • bitten, bat, gebeten (to ask for, request) • bleiben, blieb, istgeblieben (to stay, remain) • brechen, brach, gebrochen (to break) • brennen, brannte, gebrannt (to burn) • bringen, brachte, gebracht (to bring)

14. denken, dachte, gedacht (to think) • essen, aß, gegessen (to eat) • fahren, fuhr, istgefahren (to travel, drive) • fallen, fiel, istgefallen (to fall) • finden, fand, gefunden (to find) • fliegen, flog, istgeflogen (to fly) • fließen, floss, istgeflossen (to flow) • fressen, fraß, gefressen (to eat-animals only!) • frieren, fror, gefroren (to freeze) • geben, gab, gegeben (to give) • gehen, ging, istgegangen

15. genießen, genoss, genossen (to enjoy) • geschehen, geschah, istgeschehen (to happen) • gewinnen, gewann, gewonnen (to win) • gießen, goss, gegossen (to pour) • graben, grub, gegraben (to dig) • greifen, griff, gegriffen (to grip, grab) • haben, hatte, gehabt (to have) • halten, hielt, gehalten (to stop, hold) • hängen, hing, gehangen (to hang) • heißen, heiß, geheißen (to be called)

16. helfen, half, geholfen (to help) • kennen, kannte, gekannt (to know, be aquainted with) • klingen, klang, geklungen (to sound) • kommen, kam, istgekommen (to come) • lassen, ließt, gelassen (to let, leave) • laufen, lief, istgelaufen (to run, walk) • leihen, lieh, geliehen (to lend) • lesen, las, gelesen (to read) • liegen, lag, gelegen (to lie, be situated) • lügen, log, gelogen (to tell a lie)

17. nehmen, nanntegenannt (to name,call) • reißen, riss, istgerissen (to tear, rip) • rennen, rannte, istgerannt (to run) • rufen, rief, gerufen (to call) • schlafen, schlief, geschlafen (to sleep) • schlagen, schulg, geschlagen (to hit, beat) • schließen, schloss, geschlossen (to close) • schneiden, schnitt, geschnitten (to cut) • schreiben, schrieb, geschrieben (to write) • schwimmen, schwamm, istgeschwommen (to swim)

18. sehen, sah, gesehen (to see) • sein, war, istgewesen (to be) • singen, sang, gesungen (to sing) • sinken, sank, istgesunken (to sink) • sitzen, saß, gesessen (to sit) • sprechen, sprach, gesprochen (to speak) • springen, sprang, istgesprungen (to jump) • stehen, stand, istgestanden (to stand) • steigen, stieg, istgestiegen (to climb) • sterben, starb, istgestorben (to die)

19. tragen, trug, getragen (to wear) • treffen, traf, getroffen (to meet) • treten, trat, getreten (to step, kick) • trinken, trank, getrunken (to drink) • tun, tat, getan (to do) • vergessen, vergaß, vergessen (to forget) • verlieren, verlor, verloren (to lose) • verschwinden, verschwand, istverschwunden (to disappear) • wachsen, wuchs, istgewachsen (to grow) • waschen, wusch, gewaschen (to wash)

20. wenden, wandte, gewandt (to turn) • werden, wurde, istgeworden (to become) • werfen, warf, geworfen (to throw) • wissen, wusste, gewusst (to know) • ziehen, zog, gezogen (to pull, draw) ziehen, zog, istgezogen (to go, move) WHOA! That seems like a lot of verbs! …good thing you already know them!

21. Beispiele: Mitnehmen, nahmmit, mitgenommen (to take along) Here’s another rule to know: Verbs with separable prefixes put a –ge- between the prefix and root verb.

22. Verbs with inseparable prefixes (be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, and zer-) do not at ge-.

23. Formation of DAS PERFEKT haben or sein + past participle It’s all about the form!

24. Rules to note: • The helping verb haben or sein is the verb that agrees with the subject. • The helping verb – being the conjugated verb – goes in second position • Verb 2, the participle, goes at the end of the sentence.

25. Partner gespräch: restate each sentence twice, changing the subject as suggested. Beispiel: Marion und ihre Mutterhaben in einer Pension gewohnt. (der Gast, ich) Der Gast hat in einer Pension gewohnt. Ichhabe in einer Pension gewohnt.

26. Michael hat ihrGepäck ins Zimmer gebracht. (Herr und Frau Händel, wir) • Marion hat vieleFotosgemacht. (die Gäste, ihr) • Siehaben den Park besucht. (du, Frau Händel) • Herr Braun hat am Abendgearbeitet. (ich, Monika)

27. REWIND! • The present perfect tense in German can express an one of these past tenses in English. I worked I did work I was working I have worked Ich habe gearbeitet

28. REWIND! • The basic structure: Subject + haben/sein + participle 2nd position! Ich + habe + gefragt Du + hast + gefragt Er + hat + gefragt

29. Schreiben: rewrite the sentences in the present perfect tense. Beispiel: Frau KoslowskimachteinenEintopf. Frau Koslowski hat einenEintopfgemacht.

30. Herr Schmidt kauftzweiEintrittskartenfür das Fußball spiel. • Jorgen arbeitetschwer. • Siebringt die Ostereiermit. • Lars spielt Nintendo. • Marion denktnichtmehr an Rüdiger.

31. Ichhabe das schongemacht!: Say you have already done that. Beispeil: Das Museum besuchen Ichhabe das Museum schonbesucht. Mach einenlangenSpaziergang. Spiel Karten Frag im Hotel KaufeininterressantesBuch

32. BildeFragenmitduimPerfekt. Beispiel: gestern / arbeiten Hast du gesterngearbeitet? • GesternAbend/ tanzen • HeuteMorgen / Musikhören • Hausaufgaben / machen • Oft / Tischtennisspielen • Gestern / Deutsch lernen

33. 2:00 Partnerarbeit • Stell die Fragen an deinen Partner / deinePartnerin. Mach dirdabeiNotizen. • Erzähl der Klasse, was dein Partner / deinePartneringemacht und nichtgemacht hat.

34. You cannot run together two sentences with no punctuation! You cannot join two sentences with a comma!

35. Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, but the coach’s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court unfortunately the coach’s back was turned. Be my FANBOYS— for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

36. Fix the error with a semicolon. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court unfortunately the coach’s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court; unfortunately, the coach’s back was turned. Use the semicolon sparingly— 3 to 4 times per essay, max.

37. Fix the error with a subordinate conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court unfortunately the coach’s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after the coach’s back was turned. Reduce one of the two clauses to an incomplete thought.

38. after • although • as • because • before • even though • if, even if • in order that • once • provided that • since • so [that implied], so that • than • that • though • unless • when, whenever • where, wherever, whereas • whether • while These are the subordinate conjunctions.

39. Remember these generalpunctuation rules when subordinating one of the clauses in the error. Subordinate clause main clause. + , + Main clause + Ø + subordinate clause.

40. Here’s our sample: Although Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, the coach’s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after the coach’s back was turned. Dropping the comma after court is like a championship game turnover! Adding an unnecessary comma is like grandstanding when a teammate is open!

41. Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose “No change is necessary.” Show me you gotgame!

42. Item 1 • The dogs drooled while we ate slices of hot • pizza but the cat feigned nonchalance even • though we knew that she wanted a pepperoni. • drooled. While • pizza, but • nonchalance. Even • No change is necessary. • The dogs drooled while we ate slices of hot A • pizza but the cat feigned nonchalance evenBC • though we knew that she wanted a pepperoni. • drooled. While • pizza, but • nonchalance. Even • No change is necessary. • The dogs drooled while we ate slices of hot A • pizza, but the cat feigned nonchalance evenBC • though we knew that she wanted a pepperoni. • drooled. While • pizza, but • nonchalance. Even • No change is necessary.

43. Item 2 • Mary Ellen screamed, her roommate’s pet tarantula crawled out of the bag of popcorn. • screamed her • screamed; because, her • screamed as her • No change is necessary. • Mary Ellen screamed, her roommate’s pet tarantula crawled out of the bag of popcorn. • screamed her • screamed; because, her • screamed as her • No change is necessary. • Mary Ellen screamed, her roommate’s pet tarantula crawled out of the bag of popcorn. • screamed her • screamed; because, her • screamed as her • No change is necessary.

44. Item 3 • Running late with dinner, Elizabeth fussed with • seasonings and wiped spots off the • glasses. While the family stared at their empty • plates. • dinner; Elizabeth • seasonings, and • glasses while • No change is necessary. • Running late with dinner, Elizabeth fussed with • A • seasonings and wiped spots off the B • glasses. While the family stared at their empty • C • plates. • dinner; Elizabeth • seasonings, and • glasses while • No change is necessary. • Running late with dinner, Elizabeth fussed with • A • seasonings and wiped spots off the B • glasses while the family stared at their empty • C • plates. • dinner; Elizabeth • seasonings, and • glasses while • No change is necessary.

45. Item 4 • Everyone scrambled off the lakeside patio. When the 10-foot alligator lumbered onto shore. • patio when • patio; when • patio, when • No change is necessary. • Everyone scrambled off the lakeside patio. When the 10-foot alligator lumbered onto shore. • patio when • patio; when • patio, when • No change is necessary. • Everyone scrambled off the lakeside patio. When the 10-foot alligator lumbered onto shore. • patio when • patio; when • patio, when • No change is necessary.

46. Item 5 • The glass of iced tea promised thirst-quenching • refreshment Roseanne, however, had to beat • Maria to the refrigerator as they raced through • the front door. • refreshment. Roseanne • however; had • refrigerator; as • No change is necessary. • The glass of iced tea promised thirst-quenching • refreshment Roseanne, however, had to beat • AB • Maria to the refrigerator as they raced through C • the front door. • refreshment. Roseanne • however; had • refrigerator; as • No change is necessary. • The glass of iced tea promised thirst-quenching • refreshment. Roseanne, however, had to beat • AB • Maria to the refrigerator as they raced through C • the front door. • refreshment. Roseanne • however; had • refrigerator; as • No change is necessary.

47. Item 6 • Warren wanted to make a good impression on Melody but the soda explosion that soaked his shirt ruined their first meeting. • Melody; but, the • Melody; however, the • Melody, however, the • No change is necessary. • Warren wanted to make a good impression on Melody but thesoda explosion that soaked his shirt ruined their first meeting. • Melody; but, the • Melody; however, the • Melody, however, the • No change is necessary. • Warren wanted to make a good impression on Melody but the soda explosion that soaked his shirt ruined their first meeting. • Melody; but, the • Melody; however, the • Melody, however, the • No change is necessary.

48. Item 7 • Because of the hot sun, ice cream ran down the • cone and coated Randall’s fingers, his tongue • couldn’t keep up. • sun; ice cream • cone, and • fingers, for his • No change is necessary. • Because of the hot sun, ice cream ran down the • A • cone and coated Randall’s fingers, his tongue BC • couldn’t keep up. • sun; ice cream • cone, and • fingers, for his • No change is necessary. • Because of the hot sun, ice cream ran down the • A • cone and coated Randall’s fingers, for his tongue BC • couldn’t keep up. • sun; ice cream • cone, and • fingers, for his • No change is necessary.

49. Item 8 • Wanda took a deep breath and got ready to yell. Because Paul was about to explain why his half of the rent would be late again. • yell, because • yell because • yell for • No change is necessary. • Wanda took a deep breath and got ready to yell. Because Paul was about to explain why his half of the rent would be late again. • yell, because • yell because • yell for • No change is necessary. • Wanda took a deep breath and got ready to yell. Because Paul was about to explain why his half of the rent would be late again. • yell, because • yell because • yell for • No change is necessary.

50. Item 9 • After Simon bought roses for Emily, he spotted • Derek’s car in her driveway and realized that this • gesture would not repair the relationship or win • back her love. • Emily. he • driveway. And • relationship; or • No change is necessary. • After Simon bought roses for Emily, he spotted • A • Derek’s car in her driveway and realized that this • B • gesture would not repair the relationship or win • C • back her love. • Emily. he • driveway. And • relationship; or • No change is necessary. • After Simon bought roses for Emily, he spotted • A • Derek’s car in her driveway and realized that this • B • gesture would not repair the relationship or win • C • back her love. • Emily. he • driveway. And • relationship; or • No change is necessary.