Unit 17

1. Unit 17 Comparison of Adjectives

2. Comparison of Adjectives • So far you have seen adjectives in their simple state. • Adjectives have three possible states. • Positive clear • Comparative clearer, rather clear • Superlative clearest, very clear

3. Comparison of Adjectives • Greek adjectives express comparative and superlative degrees by adding suffixes to the positive degree form. • -τερος, τερα,-τερον • -τατος, -τατη, -τατον • -ιων, ιον • -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον

4. Comparison of Adjectives • -τερος, τερα,-τερον • -τατος, -τατη, -τατον • If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) ends in a short syllable, add an -ω and the comp./super. endings.

5. Comparison of Adjectives • σοφός • σοφ- • σοφώτερος • σοφώτατος

6. Comparison of Adjectives • -τερος, τερα,-τερον • -τατος, -τατη, -τατον • If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) 1) ends in a long syllable or 2) a short syllable followed by ζ, ξ,or ψ add an -o and the comp./super. endings.

7. Comparison of Adjectives • δίκαιος • δίκαι- • δικαιότερος • δικαιότατος

8. Comparison of Adjectives • Third declension adjectives will usually take endings of the type: • -εστερος • -εστατος • σαφής • σαφέστερος • σαφέστατος

9. Comparison of Adjectives • ἄφρων • ἀφρονέστερος • ἀφρονέστατος

10. Comparison of Adjectives • -ιων, ιον • -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον • Adjectives which take these endings must be learned individually. • The stems are made differently for each adjective.

11. Comparison of Adjectives • αἰσχρός • αἰσχ- • αἰσχίων • αἴσχιστος • καλός • καλλ- • καλλίων • κάλλιστος

12. εἶμι Present System Indicative Subjunctive Optative εἶμι εἶ εἶσι(ν) ἴμεν ἴτε ἴασι(ν) ἴω ἴῃς ἴῃ ἴωμεν ἴητε ἴωσι(ν) ἴοιμι / ἰοίην ἴοις ἴοι ἴοιμεν ἴοιτε ἴοιεν

13. εἶμι Present System Imperfect Imperative Infinitive ων οντος οντι οντα οντες οντων ουσι οντας ᾖα / ᾔειν ᾔεισθα / ᾔεις ᾔειν / ᾔει ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσαν / ᾔεσαν ουσα ουσης (ουσας) ουσῃ (ουσᾳ) ουσαν ουσαι ουσων ουσαις ουσας ἴθι ἴτω ἴτε ἰόντων ἰέναι Participle ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν