SAI's Role in Promoting National Sustainable Development

1. 6th Meeting of ASOSAI WGEA at Jaipur 17th – 19th October 2016 SAI'S ROLE IN PROMOTING NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (Country Paper by SAI India) Presented by Jahangir Inamdar Director (T&R), iCED Jaipur

2. Sustainable Development • Decisions should take into account the costs and benefits in all three areas and lead to actions advancing progress in all three directions. • Central principles: • Integration of environmental, economic, and social objectives (the “three pillars” of sustainable development), and • Consideration of effects on future generations (“intergenerational equity”).

3. Role of national governments • Modern ‘welfare states’ • Directive Principles in Indian Constitution • Global Environmental Awareness and multilateral developments • Agenda 21, MDGs and SDGs • Institutional frameworks for Sustainable Development and their strengthening • Public participation and access to information • Promote cross-sectoral approaches • Enhance the role and capacity of local authorities

4. Role of supreme audit institutions • ISSAI 12 on the value and benefits of supreme audit institutions – making a difference to the lives of citizens • 106 member states of united nations were implementing their own national Sustainable Development strategies in 2009 • Sustainable Development strategies and framework • Broader integration of Sustainable Development into government activities • Targets and indicators of SDGs • Examination of sustainability reporting • Audit of programmes and policy through Sustainable Development lens • 23rd UN-INTOSAI - SAIs could play a key role in promoting an efficient, accountable, effective and transparent public administration, which is central to the implementation of SDGs

5. AUDIT REPORT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA CONTRIBUTING TO NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • SDG Goal 7 deals with ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy to all while goal 13 deals with urgent action to be taken to combat climate change and its impacts. One of the targets under Goal 7 is increasing substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. • National Action Plan For Climate Change (NAPCC) - 2008 • Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission with an initial aim to install 20,000 MW solar power capacity by 2022 (Target revised to 100,000 MW in 2015) • It also envisaged that RE would constitute 15 per cent of the energy mix of India by 2020. • Audit Conducted in 2014-15 and presented to the Parliament of India in December 2015

6. Renewable energy in India • India 17 % population / energy and electricity consumption -5% five per cent • Per capita consumption of energy and electricity is less than 1/3 of the world average. • The country might need to import over 90 per cent of its requirement of oil and over 45 per cent of its requirement of coal. • Energy shortages at the time of audit are currently at an average of 8.7 per cent with peak deficit at nine per cent.

7. Audit objectives and criteria • Audit Objectives • The objectives of the performance audit of renewable energy sector were to examine the progress made in: • Increasing the contribution of RE resources in India's energy mix / electricity mix; • Increasing access to electricity / lighting needs in remote and rural areas; and • Promoting research, design, development and demonstration. • Audit Criteria • NAPCC • Guidelines of incentive schemes • Statutory provisions and regulations applicable to power sectors

8. Audit methodology • Stakeholder Analysis • Integrated audit at national and state level • Related agencies and activities for all RE sources also integrated • Sampling • Field Visits and photographs

9. AUDIT RESULTS • Shortcomings in enforcement of Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO) and implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) • Not formulated guidelines for net metering to provide an enabling environment for solar technology penetration in the country • Miniscule exploitation of the estimated potential of RE. Regional disparities in level of exploitation. • Modern Technology not adopted for increasing the efficiency (Wind Energy) • Lack of transparency and fair competition (Wind Energy) • Project formulation, implementation and sustainability issues in Small HEPs • Off Grid Renewable Energy: • Substantial Equipment / Projects not working • Deficiencies in maintenance of systems • Research and Development-Realisation of deliverable outcome was not achieved in a majority of projects

10. AUDIT RECOMMENDATIONS • Targets of RPO should be enforced, with due monitoring and collection of penalties for default in compliance • Efforts for more exploitation of Renewable Energy sources • Focus on development of solar energy in the states endowed with high solar energy potential • Formulate guidelines for net metering so as to provide an enabling environment for solar technology penetration in the country at a decentralized level • Setting up an effective mechanism, in coordination with the state agencies, to ensure that the off-grid systems are properly maintained and remain functional through their useful life

11. Impact, experience and challenges • IMPACT • Good coverage in national media • Timely report • EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES • Multiple stakeholders • Multiple agencies • Remote locations for field visits • Absence of record at national ministry • Mid-term review

12. NEW PERSPECTIVES IN NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS AUDIT • Introduction of SDGs • UN-INTOSAI Symposium • New systems for monitoring and evaluating the SDGs • Devising an appropriate approach to the audit of national baseline-setting and subsequent SDG monitoring data • Annual summary of audit findings on the SDG monitoring systems and reliability of the results they provide • SAIs to take various pre-emptive and anticipative measures and strategies, to be prepared for taking on the stimulating tasks f audit of SDGs • Formal and specific roles for systematic follow-up and review at the various levels, track progress in implementing the universal goals and targets • Timely availability of high-quality and reliable data • Capacity Building – Role of IDI-KSC of INTOSAI, iCED

13. Thank You