The Use OF Digital Technologies IN CONTEMPORY SCULPTURE

1. The Use OF Digital Technologies IN CONTEMPORY SCULPTURE Dan Collins Professor of Intermedia Arizona State University

2. Two ways to begin: • Create an original pattern and scan the image (L. West at ASU Prism lab) • Create the image entirely on the computer (RinusRoelofs)

3. 3D Data Capture • Mechanical Digitizing (Single Point Digitizer) • 3D Laser Digitizing (Cyberware M15, RGB3030) • 3D Optical Digitizing (stereophotogrammetary) (3Q, photomodeler) • Geo Sensing Devices (Radar, LIDAR, LandSAT) • Synthetic Data (CAD) • Nano and Micro Scale Imaging (SPM, Confocal) • Medical Diagnostics (MRI, Tomography)

4. Some Types of Scanners Point Scanner Desktop Laser/Video Prism Lab at ASU Fresno City College

5. Laser Arm from Q-plus Labs Zcorp 700 handheld

6. Roland Desktop Scanners Fresno City College

7. Some Types of Scanners Pico SCANNER This 3d scanner uses a standard Canon DSLR camera combined with a Pico projector mounted on the hot shoe, and is controlled by the Mephisto 3D scan engine.

8. Next Engine 3D Scanner

9. Co-ordinate Measuring MachinesWhich usually use a probe to input data Courtesy of Q-plus Labs

10. 3D Data Capture (optical) This unique approach projects a random light pattern on a person and captures a 3-D image in two thousandths of a second with synchronized digital cameras arranged around the subject at precise angles. By calculating the displacement of the light patterns, the subject's exact surface geometry and accurate surface texture map are built in seconds and then fused mathematically. For further information visit the 3Q website at: http://www.3Q.com

11. Image-based Scanning with Digital Cameras 3D Face Authentication • Development of algorithms for representation, extraction, segmentation, query and matching of 3D facial shapes for authentication. • Novel approach took advantage of the 3rd dimension to greatly increase accuracy and reliability of the data. • Researchers examined face geometry and curvature to analyze facial features that are invariant to expressions and other changes such as facial hair. • The project involved capturing, creating, and archiving of over 1500 faces in 3D. • Supported by a 3 year grant from the National Science Foundation. Dr. AnshumanRazdan (left) standing next to the 3Q Scanner with a candidate for face scan. To the right is sample data derived from mesh.

12. 3DMD

13. Cyberware full body scanner

14. Results of Scans Created at both ASU’s Prism Lab and the lab at Fresno City College Images rendered with Rhino 3D

15. Optical digitalization of Charles Bridge Sculptures 1999 the State institute for the Care of Historical Monuments in Prague with the support of the Czech Ministry of Culture began a long-term project, monitoring the Charles Bridge sculptures. The Charles Bridge, dating from the 14th century, is not only a significant historical monument, but also a gallery of baroque sculpture. The sculptures and sculpture groups are affected by degradation and the original objects are being gradually replaced by copies. Non-destructive measuring methods, including a detailed photo documentation was used. To actually get the 3D form, the "flat pictures" can not give enough information. Therefore an accurate digitizing was needed, producing data which can easily be archived, compared and used for making a replica if needed. SLA of red blood cell

16. Optical digitalization of Charles Bridge Sculptures The 6 meter high sandstone sculpture of Saint Vojtech by the 18th c. sculptor Ferdinand Maxmilian Brokoff was the first element to be digitized. The Czech company, MCAE, utilized the optical measuring systems TRITOP and ATOS from GOM.

17. Charles Bridge Sculptures: Description of Digitizing Process • Two integrated systems were used: • ATOS is an optical measuring machine based on the principle of triangulation. Projected fringe patterns are observed with two digital cameras. 3D coordinates for each camera pixel are calculated with high precision, and a polygon mesh of the object’s surface is generated. • TRITOP is a photogrammetry system that measures the exact position of physical markers placed on the object.

18. Charles Bridge Sculptures: Description of Digitizing Process • Procedure: • The markers are placed on the object and some coded markers and one or two scale bars are added. • Images are taken with the digital camera from different positions. • Clouds of points from the ATOS system were registered into the predefined grid of marker points defined by TRITOP. • Evaluation software defines the exact 3D position of the center of the markers on the object.

19. Charles Bridge Sculptures: Final Model • The final full 3D model has been produced as a rapid prototype sculpture by the Czech company, MCAE.

20. Charles Bridge: Point cloud data to Maya to RP • Long range 3D laser scanning data courtesy GEFOS, CZ was first read into RapidForm software (.ptx format). • Modular model created in Maya from single arch data • Data triangulated and refined in Geomagic. • Final .stl file output as rapid prototyping model using Dimension BST rapid prototyping system from MCAE, CZ.

21. Mesa Verde: Computational Archaeology • This project focuses on digital preservation and non-destructive analysis of ancestral puebloan architecture in the southwest United States. For over 100 years, research within archaeological districts such as the World Heritage site at Mesa Verde has provided valuable origin and cultural information to the current day Native American cultures, the scientific community, and the general public. • The project, in partnership with the National Park Service at Mesa Verde and discipline specialists at the Center for Southwest Studies at Fort Lewis College and Arizona State University, builds upon that significant research through the use of non-invasive laser scanning technologies and development of research tools to digitally preserve and analyze ancestral puebloan architecture and associated artifacts. Mensi LIDAR at Mesa Verde, Colorado

22. South Mountain: Computational Archaeology • Long range LEICA 3D laser scanning courtesy Scott Cedarleaf (USA). • Reflective targets used for registering multiple scans • Data triangulated and refined with Leica/Cyclone software.

23. Chizen Itza: Computational Archaeology • Long range LEICA 3D laser scanning courtesy Scott Cedarleaf and CyArk (USA). • Reflective targets used for registering multiple scans • Data triangulated and refined with Leica/Cyclone software.

24. More LIDAR LIDAR: “light detection and ranging” for long range 3D laser scanning.

25. Arizona Landscape Simulation Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from USGS is used to create 3D terrain model for simulated landscape. TerraGen used to mimic atmospheric and textural effects of actual photo at lower left.

26. End 3D Data Capture