Kingdom Diversity

1. Kingdom Diversity

2. 3 Domains • Domain Archae – contains members of the Kingdom Archaebacteria • Domain Bacteria – contain members of the Kingdom Eubacteria • Domain Eukarya – contain members of the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

3. Kingdom Archaebacteria

4. Archaebacteria • Prokaryotes • Live in extreme environments • Halophiles – salt • Thermoacidophiles – heat, acidic environments • Methanogens – swamps, intestines of cows • No layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall • Biochemically more related to eukaryotic cells.

5. Kingdom Eubacteria

6. Kingdom Eubacteria • Prokaryotes • Three Shapes: • Cocci – round • Baccilli – rods • Spirilla – spirals • Layer of peptidoglycan • Classified as gram + or gram – • Eubacteria cause most bacterial infections • Strep throat • Lactobacillus (yogurt bacteria)

7. How Bacteria Get Energy • Photosynthesis – energy from sunlight • Cellular Respiration – energy from break down of organic material • Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals available in the environment • Charts pg. 582-583

9. Kingdom Protista

10. Kingdom Protista • Most diverse kingdom • Eukaryotic • Multicellular and unicellular organisms • Photosynthetic or heterotrophic • Catch all group of eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungus • Amoebas, paramecium, algae

11. Kingdom Protista • Animal like-Protozoa • Plant like-Algae • Fungi like-Slime Molds

12. How Protists Move • Pseudopods – “false feet” • Cilia – short, numerous, hair-like structures • Flagella – relatively long, whip-like; one or two in number

13. How Protists Obtain Energy • Autotrophic – use photosynthesis(green!!!) • Heterotrophic – engulf and digest their food

14. How Protists Impact Humans • Parasitic protistscause some of the world’s most deadly diseases • Malaria • African sleeping sickness • Many protists are photosynthetic • Beneficial in digestion • Diatomaceous earth-toothpaste, pool filters, etc.

15. Kingdom Fungi

16. Kingdom Fungi • Saprotrophic – externally break down food and absorb it using a structure called hyphae, heterotrophic • Feed on dead and decaying material • Can cause disease – ring worm, yeast infections

17. Kingdom Fungi • Cell walls contain chitin (polysaccharide) • Mushrooms, truffles, yeast • Grouped by their reproductive structures

18. Importance of Fungi to Humans • Yeast!!!! Bread, and alcoholic beverages • Decomposition – breaking down all the dead materials

19. Kingdom Plantae

20. Kingdom Plantae • Autotrophic – make their own food through the process of photosynthesis • Cell walls contain cellulose • Non-motile • Nonvascular – moss • Vascular Seedless – ferns • Gymnosperms – pine trees • Angiosperms – flowering plants

21. Importance of Plants to the World • Primary Producers – the energy source in ecosystems • Medicines • Removing carbon dioxide from the air and producing oxygen • Wood for construction • Fibers for clothing

22. Kingdom Animalia

23. Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophic • No cell wall • Motile • Most recent on the evolutionary time line!