Chap. 34 1933-1941 FDR and the Shadow of War

1. Chap. 34 1933-1941FDR and the Shadow of War OBJECTIVES Explain how the US turned away from its isolationist foreign policy toward increasing involvement in WWII.

2. AP Chap. 37 Theme FDR and the Shadow of War • In the early and mid- 1930s, the US attempted to isolate itself from foreign involvements and wars (wrecking the London economic conference, the Good Neighbor policy, Neutrality Acts, cash and carry). But by the end of the decade, the spread of totalitarianism and war in Europe forced FDR to provide more and more assistance to desperate Britain (Lend Lease, Atlantic Charter), despite strong isolationist opposition. FDR was re-elected to an unprecedented third term.

4. I. The London Conference • 66 nations met in 1933 in London Conference • Met to try to ease global depression • But FDR withdrew US delegation because didn’t want us tied to any international agreement • Conference adjourns • Maybe it wouldn’t have changed anything, but FDR’s attitude plunged world even deeper • Also strengthened global trend toward extreme nationalism

5. II. Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians • US isolationism from Asia as well as Europe • Imperialism now too expensive • 1934- Tydings-McDuffie Act gave independence to Phil. by 1946 • Actually frees us from Phil.; further American isolationism yet sends message to Japan • 1933- FDR recognized USSR. Hoped for trade and to discourage Germany

6. III. Becoming a Good Neighbor • New era w/ Latin America to be a “good neighbor” • Confine relations w/ Western Hemisphere • Tried to improve relations, esp. w/ aggression in Europe, Asia • Denounced Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary • Montevideo Conference 1933 • Endorsed non-intervention • Last Marines left Haiti in 1934 • 1934 – Cuba released from Platt Amendment • Nonintervention in Cuba except Guantanamo • Panama free, US keeps canal • Big test in 1938 – Mexico took our oil properties • No armed intervention but discussion FDR very popular in Latin American

7. IV. Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements • Sec. of State Cordell Hull developed trade policy in Latin America • Reciprocal Trade AgreementActs in 1934 • Lowered tariffs w/ 21 countries • Other countries lowered trade barriers • Accomplished without Senate approval • Landmark: Reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policy of US

8. V. Impulses Toward Storm-Cellar Isolationism • Totalitarianism spread • Stalin - USSR • Hitler* Germany (most dangerous) • Mussolini - Italy • Attacked Ethiopia; Haile Selassi asked for help; none given • League of Nations sought to stop him; failed • Rome-Berlin Axis formed in 1936; later Japan will join Axis* • Imperial Japan grew needing additional space • Ended Washington Naval Treaty

9. Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Axis(the new axis around which the world would revolve!)

10. Adolf Hitler • Mein Kampf* • Lebensraum • Third Reich • Aryan Race • NSDAP • Swastika =The hammer of Thor

11. Quotes from Hitler • “The state…must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure…it must see to it that only the healthy beget children…” • “We have a duty to depopulate, much as we have the duty of caring for the German Population. We shall have to develop a technique for depopulation. You will ask what is depopulation? Do I propose to exterminate whole ethnic groups? Yes, it will add up to that. Nature is cruel; therefore we may be cruel too.” • “Terrorism is an effective political tool. I shall not deprive myself of it merely because these simple –minded bourgeois softies take offense…People will think twice before opposing us, if they know what awaits them in the concentration camps.”

12. 1936 Berlin Olympics • Jesse Owens • Hitler: “The Americans ought to be ashamed of themselves for letting their medals be won by Negroes.”

13. Adolf Schicklgruber? • Hitler’s father, born out of wedlock, was named Alois Schicklgruber. Was his missing father Jewish? His mother later married a man named Hiedler (one who lives in a hut). Alois took the name Hitler from him. When he later married and had Adolf, he simply gave him the last name of Hitler as well.

14. VI. Congress Legislates Neutrality • 1934- Nye Committee • Investigate WWI munitions companies as causing war, not German u-boats • 1935, 1936, 1937 – Neutrality Acts • When president recognized foreign war • No American could sail on belligerent ship • No American could sell or make loans to a belligerent We assumed decision for war in our hands, not others • This actually gave more favor to dictators who had already armed themselves

15. “Come on in, I’ll treat you right. I used to know your Daddy.”