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Enculturation

Enculturation. Enculturation. What is enculturation? How does enculturation influence personality? Are different personalities characteristic of different cultures?. The Self and the Behavioral Environment. Culture is created and learned rather than biologically inherited.

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Enculturation

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  1. Enculturation

  2. Enculturation • What is enculturation? • How does enculturation influence personality? • Are different personalities characteristic of different cultures?

  3. The Self and the Behavioral Environment • Culture is created and learned rather than biologically inherited. • All societies must ensure that culture is transmitted from one generation to the next. • Enculturation begins soon after birth.

  4. Self Awareness • The ability to: • Identify oneself as an object. • React to oneself. • Appraise or evaluate oneself. • Attaching positive value to the self ensures individuals act to their own advantage.

  5. Requirements for Self-awareness • Object orientation - aware of the world of objects other than self. • Spatial orientation - the ability to get from one object, or place, to another. 0

  6. Requirements for Self-awareness • Temporal orientation - able to connect past actions with those in the present and future. • Normative orientation - understanding of cultural values, ideals, and standards.

  7. Personality • Refers to the distinctive ways a person thinks, feels, and behaves. • Most anthropologists believe adult personality is shaped by early childhood experiences. • The economy helps structure the way children are raised and this influences their adult personalities.

  8. Two Patterns of Child Rearing • Dependence training - promotes compliance in and favors keeping individuals within the group. • Independence training - emphasizes individual independence, self-reliance, and personal achievement.

  9. National Character Studies • Focused on the modal characteristics of modern countries. • Many anthropologists believe national character theories are based on unscientific and overgeneralized data.

  10. Windigo (Algonkian Indians of Canada and Northern United States) Amok (Malaya, Java & Philippines, Africa and Tierra Del Fuego) Susto Koro Kitsunetsuki (Japan) entire family resembles foxes. Ostracized. (Political control) Pibloktoq –Arctic Hysteria- Alaska, Canada Greenland Siberia and the Lapland’s. Latah Malay (snake and then echolalia with foul language and repetition) Anorexia, Bulimia PMS Munchausen and Munchausen by Proxy Magic Death (Australian Aborigines) Trance healing for sorcery-induced illnesses. Couvade (male pregnancy) reaction to stress. Culture Bound Syndromes

  11. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  12. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  13. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  14. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  15. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  16. Ethnic Psychoses And Other Culture-bound Syndromes

  17. The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next is • enculturation. • pluralism. • adaptation. • cultural relativism. • subcultural variation.

  18. An individual's personality • is a product of enculturation. • is influenced by an individual's genetic makeup. • is a kind of cognitive map functioning throughout an individual's lifetime. • is an integrated, dynamic system of perceptual assemblages, which includes the self and its behavioral environment, that develops over time. • All of the above.

  19. Insanity, from an anthropological perspective, is • a term defining a biochemical disorder. • a term describing the actions of people that deviate widely from the behavior of "normal" people. • how "normal" people describe themselves. • indefinable because of its complexity. • not possible to compare cross-culturally.

  20. Dependence training is more likely in • nuclear families. • societies whose subsistence is based on pastoralism. • a food foraging society. • extended families in societies whose economy is based on subsistence farming. • industrial societies.

  21. Today in Native American Societies the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as • berdache. • gay. • passive homosexual. • two-spirit. • effeminate.

  22. In Western countries a culture-bound psychological disorder known as _______________ occurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat. • pibloktoq • amok • anorexia nervosa • bulumia • latah

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