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IMAGING WITH MICROPATTERN GAS DETECTORS. TITLE. Fabio SAULI. INFN-Trieste, Italy and CERN-Geneva, Switzerland. Palais du Pharo, Marseille May 9-12, 2006. MWPC. @.

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  1. IMAGING WITH MICROPATTERN GAS DETECTORS TITLE Fabio SAULI INFN-Trieste, Italy and CERN-Geneva, Switzerland Palais du Pharo, Marseille May 9-12, 2006

  2. MWPC @ MODERN GASEOUS DETECTORS: POWERFUL TOOLS FOR RADIATION DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION IN PARTICLE PHYSICS, BASED ON THE MULTIWIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBER (Georges Charpak, 1967) CATHODE -V CONVERSION CHARGE COLLECTION AVALANCHE MULTIPLICATION ANODE WIRES +V -V CATHODE

  3. TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCALIZATION @ TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCALIZATION FROM SIGNALS INDUCED ON CATHODE PLANES (Charpak & Fabio Sauli, ~1973) CATHODE STRIPS ANODE WIRES CATHODE STRIPS LOW-DOSE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY WITH MWPC: CHARPAK’S HAND (2002):

  4. TPC PATTERN DETECTORS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS: TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER POWERFUL, THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF COMPLEX EVENTS ALEPH TPC, CERN 1990-2001

  5. MWPC LIMITATIONS MWPC LIMITATIONS DIFFICULT TO BUILD (THIN WIRES) POOR TWO-TRACK RESOLUTION (~ 5 mm) THE GAIN DECREASES WITH DETECTED FLUX (POSITIVE IONS SPACE CHARGE): 104 mm-2s-1

  6. MSGC FIRST MICRO-PATTERN GAS DETECTORS MICROSTRIP GAS CHAMBERS(Anton Oed, ~ 1990) THIN METAL STRIPS ON GLASS SUBSTRATE: COMPACT, LIGHT CONSTRUCTION ANODE STRIP CATHODE STRIPS

  7. MSGC PERFORMANCES @ MSGC PERFORMANCES VERY HIGH RATE CAPABILITY: BUT… TOO FRAGILE EFFECT OF A DISCHARGE: 106 mm-2s-1 SPACE ACCURACY ≈ 50 µm TWO-TRACK RESOLUTION ≈ 100 µm R. Bouclier et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A367(1995)168

  8. MICROMEGAS @ NEW MICROPATTERN GAS DETECTORS MICROMEGAS: THIN-GAP PARALLEL PLATE COUNTER 50 µm Y. Giomataris et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A376(1996)29

  9. MICROMEGAS PERFORMANCES MICROMEGAS POSITION ACCURACY (100 µm PITCH STRIPS): ELECTRON + ION SIGNALS: J. Derré et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A459(2001)523 120 µm GAP TIME RESOLUTION (ISOCHRONOUS ELECTRONS): 0.77 ns rms A. Bay et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A488(2002) J. Derré et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A449(2000)314

  10. GEM @ NEW MICROPATTERN GAS DETECTORS GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER (GEM) THIN METAL-COATED POLYMER FOIL WITH HIGH DENSITY OF HOLES: 50 µm Kapton, 5 µm Copper 70 µm holes at 140 µm pitch: F. Sauli, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A386(1997)531

  11. 30 ns 10 ns ( ~ 1 mm) Ions Electrons SENSITIVE VOLUME GEM PERFORMANCES GEM: WIDER AVALANCHE, FAST ELECTRON SIGNAL ONLY GEMs CAN BE CASCADED: MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFICATION HIGHER SAFE GAINS!

  12. G=10000 MPGD DISCHARGES RADIATION-INDUCED BREAKDOWN DISCHARGE PROBABILITY IN HADRON BEAMS: MICROMEGAS: TRIPLE GEM: @ GAIN 104 DISCHARGE PROBABILITY < 10-12 @ GAIN 104 DISCHARGE PROBABILITY ~ 10-6 D. Thers et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A469(2001)133 S. Bachmann et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A470(2001)548

  13. MPGD IN EXPERIMENTS MICROMEGAS COMPASS SPECTROMETER AT CERN: SPACE RESOLUTION: 12 PLANES IN 3 STATIONS X,Y, U, V 40x40 cm2 ACTIVE 350 µm STRIPS - DIGITAL READOUT 70 µm rms TIME RESOLUTION: 9 ns rms C. Bernet et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A536(2005)61

  14. MPGD IN EXPERIMENTS GEM DETECTORS FOR COMPASS SPACE RESOLUTION: 22 TRIPLE-GEM CHAMBERS 31x31 cm2 ACTIVE 2-D CHARGE READOUT 65 µm rms TIME RESOLUTION (FROM 3-BIN FIT): 12 ns rms B. Ketzer et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A535(2004)314

  15. GEM DETECTORS CYLINDRICAL GEM DETECTORS: GEM DETECTOR FOR TOTEM CERN-HELSINKI (IN CONSTRUCTION) HALF-MOON SHAPED CERN PROTOTYPE RADIAL DRIFT CHAMBER (BONUS, JLAB): M. Bozzo et al, IEEE NSS 2004 Conf. Records H. Fenker, JLAB (2006)

  16. MULTIPLE GEM DETECTORS: VERY HIGH GAIN ( > 105) FOR SINGLE PHOTON DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION GEM PHOTON DETECTORS @ PHOTON DETECTION WITH GEM REFLECTIVE CsI PHOTOCAHODE EDRIFT ~ 0 e FURTHER MULTIPLICATION R. Bouclier et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Science NS-44(1997)646

  17. U DOUBLE PHOTON EVENT: PAD ROWS INTERCONNECTED ALONG THREE DIRECTIONS: 2.4 mm V 1.1 mm W 1.3 mm FAST RICH ( 2 ns resolution) T. Meinschad et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A535(2004)324 PAD READOUT @ HEXABOARD PAD READOUT HEXAGONAL PADS PLANE, 500 µm PITCH S. Bachmann et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A478(2002)104

  18. X-RAY ABSORPTION RADIOGRAPHY OF A SMALL MAMMAL: 20 mm X-RAY IMAGING @ GEM FOR X-RAY IMAGING ENERGY SIGNAL ON LOWER GEM ELECTRODE, POSITION INFORMATION FROM ANODE STRIPS: A. Bressan et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. A199)254

  19. CASCADE CASCADE: NEUTRON IMAGING 10B - COATED MULTI-GEM DETECTOR M. Klein et al The CASCADE project http://pi1.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/physi/cascade/ NEUTRON ABSORPTION IMAGE: DETECTION EFFICIENCY vs NEUTRON WAVELENGTH:

  20. PORTAL IMAGING PORTAL IMAGING: VERY HIGH RATE GAMMA RAYS DETECTION ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND KAROLINSKA HOAPITAL (STOKHOLM) GEM-BASED PIXEL DETECTOR C. Iacobaeus et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-48 (2001)1496

  21. PORTAL IMAGING COMBINED MULTILAYER DETECTOR FOR LOW ENERGY DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY AND HIGH ENERGY PORTAL IMAGING: GAS CONVERTER (30-50 keV) GEM+SOLID CONVERTER (MeV) J. Östling et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS 50 (2003) 809

  22. PORTAL IMAGING FAST READOUT ELECTRONICS: CHARGE INTEGRATION ON PADS ACTIVE ELECTRONICS (OUTSIDE RADIATION FIELD) CHARGE COLLECTION PADS 100 PIXELS 1.27x1.27 mm2 PER CARD DETECTOR 50 CARDS 5000 PIXELS J. Östling et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A525(2004)308

  23. PENDULUM @ PORTAL IMAGING: FAST FRAME READOUT TIME-RESOLVED NEWTON’S PENDULUM IMAGE AT 40 keV 10 ms INTEGRATION, 70 FRAMES PER SECOND J. Östling, PhD Dissertation (2006)

  24. 1 mm2 80 µm X-RAY POLARIMETER X-RAY POLARIMETER: TRACKING THE PHOTOELECTRON DIRECTION MICRO-GEM DETECTOR WITH PAD READOUT 5 KeV PHOTOELECTRON: DEDICATED CMOS READOUT 80 µm PITCH HEXAGONAL PADS: R. Bellazzini et al, Nucl. Instr. and Methods A435(2004)477

  25. MEDIPIX MPGD THE ULTIMATE MPGD: INTEGRATED PIXEL ELECTRONICS READOUT MEDIPIX 2: 256x256 PIXELS 55 µm x 55 µm • Digital readout: preamp / discriminator • Two DAC thresholds (low, high) • Noise RMS ~ 150 e-/channel 55x55 µm pixels M. Titov, Como conference 2005 X. Llopart et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-49 (2002)2279

  26. MEDIPIX MEDIPIX MICROMEGAS MEDIPIX - MICROMEGAS COSMIC RAY TRACK: SINGLE ELECTRON DETECTION 14 mm M. Fornaini et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A546(2005)270

  27. 3xGEM MEDIPIX 14 mm MEDIPIX GEM MEDIPIX - GEM PRIMARY IONIZATION CLUSTERS: A. Bamberger et al, IEEE NSS (Puerto Rico 2005)

  28. END @ THE END OF THIS TALK... BUT HOPEFULLY NOT OF INTERESTING DEVELOPMENTS!

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