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Compensatory-Response Model

Compensatory-Response Model. The compensatory-response model is one version of preparatory-response theory In this model of classical conditioning, the compensatory after-effects to a US are what come to be elicited by the CS Based on the opponent-process theory of emotion / motivation.

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Compensatory-Response Model

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  1. Compensatory-Response Model • The compensatory-response model is one version of preparatory-response theory • In this model of classical conditioning, the compensatory after-effects to a US are what come to be elicited by the CS • Based on the opponent-process theory of emotion / motivation

  2. Opponent-Process Theory of Emotion (Solomon & Corbit, 1974) • Emotional events elicit two competing processes: • The primary- or A-process that is immediately elicited by the event • e.g., taking an exam elicits an unpleasant A-state • An opponent- or B-process that is the opposite of the A-process and counteracts it • e.g., the pain during the exam (A-state) creates a pleasant relief response (B-state) following the exam

  3. A-process magnitude & duration of the A-state are determined by the stimulus event magnitude & duration are fixed (no change with experience) B-process dynamic; changes with repeated exposure with repeated exposure the B-state begins earlier, has greater magnitude, & lasts longer if time passes without exposure, the changes in the B-state reverse Changes due to repeated exposure depend upon short delays between presentations Properties of the A and B processes

  4. Underlying Opponent Processes • First few stimulations • After several stimulations

  5. Opponent-Process Theory of Emotion • The actual emotional state of the organism is determined by the difference in magnitude between the 2 states: • The A-state minus the B-state = end emotional result • If A-state > B-state, then the emotion experienced will be A-like • If B-state > A-state, then the emotional result will be B-like

  6. Resultant Emotional State • First few stimulations • After many stimulations

  7. Evidence for a Compensatory-Response Model • Siegel (1972) gave rats repeated injections of Insulin • Insulin’s effects are to reduce the level of glucose in the blood • Tested by giving the rats an injection of saline (instead of insulin) • Measured the CR (change in blood glucose levels)

  8. Siegel (1972) Results • There was a strong CR that occurred, but it was an INCREASE in blood glucose levels • (The opposite of Insulin’s direct effect) • CR ≠ UR, and the CR was definitely compensatory

  9. More Evidence in Support of the Compensatory-Response Model • Conditioned morphine tolerance (Siegel, Hinson, & Frank, 1978) • Experimental Group: CS (light change & noise reduction) paired with US (injection of morphine) for 9 days • Unpaired Control Group • Placebo Control Group (CS paired with injection of saline)

  10. Siegel et al. Results (Conditioned Drug Tolerance) • Test: present CS, inject every rat with morphine, & place each rat on a moderately hot surface • Measure latency to lick their paws • The faster they lick, the quicker they feel the pain

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