Chapter 10, Kinship

1. Chapter 10, Kinship Key Terms

2. KinshipCulturally defined relationship established on the basis of blood ties or through marriage. ConsanguinealRelated by blood ties. 

3. AffinalRelated by marriage; in-laws. Kinship system Kin relations, kin groups, and terms for classifying kin in a society.

4. Kinship terminologyThe system of kinship terms in a particular culture. GenitorA biological father.

5. Pater Socially designated father of a child, who may or may not be the biological father. Inheritance The transfer of property between generations.

6. SuccessionThe transfer of office or social position between generations. DescentThe culturally established affiliation between a child and one or both parents.

7. Descent groupGroup of kin who are lineal descendants of a common ancestor, extending beyond two generations. • Unilineal descentMembership in a descent group based on links through either the maternal or the paternal line, but not both.

8. Patrilineal descent Rule that affiliates children with kinsmen of both sexes related through males only. Matrilineal descentA rule that affiliates a person to kin of both sexes related through females only.

9. Bilateral descentSystem under which both maternal and paternal lines are used in reckoning descent. LineageA group of kin whose members trace descent from a known common ancestor.

10. PatrilineageA lineage formed by descentin the male line. Matrilineage A lineage formed by descent in the female line.

11. Clan Unilineal kinship group whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but who cannot trace this link genealogically. • PhratryA unilineal descent group composed of a number of clans whose members feel themselves to be closely related.

12. TotemAn animal, plant or other aspect of the natural world, held to be ancestral or to have other intimate relationship with members of a group. Double descent Tracing descent through both matrilineal and patrilineal links, each of which is used for different purposes.

13. Nonunilineal descentAny system of descent in which both father’s and mother’s lineages have equal claim to the individual. • Cognatic descentAny nonunilineal system of descent.

14. Ambilineal descentA form of bilateral descent in which an individual may choose to affiliate with either the father’s or mother's descent group. • Kindred A unique kin network made up of all the people related to a specific individual.

15. RammageA kinships group produced by a ambilineal descent system. • Lineal kinBlood relations linked through a descent, such as Ego, Ego’s mother, Ego’s grandmother, and Ego’s daughter.

16. Collateral kinKin descended from a common ancestor but not in a direct ascendant or descendant line, such as siblings or cousins. • ConsanguinityBlood ties between people.

17. BifurcationA principle for classifying kin under which different kinships terms are used for the mother’s side of the family and the father’s side of the family.