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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492. Motives for European Exploration. Crusades and later Ottoman invasion  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples.

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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

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  1. The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

  2. A Map of the Known World,pre- 1492

  3. Motives for European Exploration Crusades and later Ottoman invasion  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. Reformation  refugees & missionaries. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. Technological advances. Fame and fortune.

  4. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  5. New Weapons Technology

  6. Prince Henry, the Navigator • School for Navigation, 1419

  7. Portuguese Maritime Empire • Exploring the west coast of Africa. • Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. • Vasco da Gama, 1498. • Calicut. • Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).

  8. Christofo Colon [1451-1506]

  9. Columbus’ Four Voyages

  10. Other Voyages of Exploration

  11. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c

  12. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

  13. Maya

  14. Aztec

  15. Inca

  16. The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II

  17. How was conquest achieved? • Disease • Technology/warfare strategies • Alliances • End of the world predicted and initial friendly welcome.

  18. How was conquest achieved? • Disease: small pox

  19. Technology

  20. Division among the people

  21. End of the world predicted

  22. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

  23. Other Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

  24. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores OfficialEuropeanColony! Missionaries PermanentSettlers

  25. European Empires in the Americas

  26. The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

  27. Encomienda System and peonage • Monopoly created with mercantilism

  28. Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??

  29. The “Columbian Exchange”

  30. Odd little fact…the red dye used in Spain’s enemy Britain’s uniforms was bought from Spanish colonies.

  31. Treasuresfrom the Americas!

  32. The Slave Trade • Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. • Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. • Sugar cane & sugar plantations. • First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. • 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries. • Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

  33. Latin Americans had not made good slaves as they were dying from disease and escaping. Also some laws passed from Catholic monarchs that slavery was immoral except in the case of Africans.

  34. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542, ignored and led to more African slavery

  35. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

  36. Slave Ship “Middle Passage”

  37. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

  38. African CaptivesThrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

  39. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

  40. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission

  41. Church was complicit in oppression and conquering lands

  42. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

  43. New Colonial Rivals • Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. • Spain in Asia  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines. • First English expedition to the Indies in 1591. • Surat in NW India in 1608. • Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

  44. New Colonial Rivals

  45. Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease and slavery. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”] Deepened colonial rivalries and belief in mercantilism.

  46. 5. New Patterns of World Trade

  47. http://flocabulary.com/conquistadors-and-slavery/

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