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Unit IV: Can You Divide?

Unit IV: Can You Divide?. Cell Reproduction. All organisms REPRODUCE . Why? This allows for growth, development and the survival of the species. There are 2 types of reproduction. A sexual Reproduction Requires A single parent!!! (sorry, just ONE). Asexual Reproduction (cont)….

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Unit IV: Can You Divide?

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  1. Unit IV:Can You Divide?

  2. Cell Reproduction • All organisms REPRODUCE. • Why? • This allows for growth, development and the survival of the species

  3. There are 2 types of reproduction • Asexual Reproduction • Requires A single parent!!! (sorry, just ONE).

  4. Asexual Reproduction (cont)… • Results in the offspring having the same hereditary material (DNA)

  5. Asexual Reproduction (cont)… • In other words, the new cells are an exact copy of its parent (allow for little variation among species)

  6. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Fission – cell splits in half (ex: Amoeba)

  7. Types of Asexual Reproduction (cont)… • Budding – a new organism grows off from the side of an adult (ex: Hydra)

  8. Types of Asexual Reproduction (cont)… • Regeneration – a new organism grows from a severed body part (ex: starfish)

  9. What is a chromosome? • Structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that contains hereditary material

  10. The structure of a chromosome Chromatid arm Centromere Chromosome Gene

  11. How do we replace old skin cells? • Mitosis • The process in which the newly duplicated chromosome pairs are separated from each other

  12. What happens to a cell before Mitosis starts? • Interphase • Cell grows and develops • Chromosomes duplicate themselves • Centrioles appear

  13. Steps of Mitosis • Prophase • Nuclear membrane disappears • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell • Spindle fibers appear in the cell

  14. Steps of Mitosis Continued • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • Centromeres attach to the spindle fibers

  15. Steps of Mitosis Continued • Anaphase • Centromeres separate • The two strands of chromosomes are pulled apart by centrioles towards opposite ends of the cell

  16. Steps of Mitosis Continued • Telophase • Centrioles and spindle fibers disappear • Nuclear membrane begins to reappear

  17. What happens to a cell after Mitosis is complete? • Cytokinesis • Cell splits into two identical daughter cells with complete set of organelles

  18. How did you get here? • Sexual Reproduction • Reproduction in which two (2) parents are involved • Sex cells arecalled gametes (egg and sperm cells are gametes)

  19. What is sexual reproduction? • Sexual reproduction • starts with the formation of gametes and ends when one gamete joins another gamete. The joining of egg and sperm is called fertilization, resulting in the production of azygote zygote

  20. How are gametes produced? • Meiosis • A process whose purpose is to reduce the chromosome number in the cells • Produces 4 new cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent

  21. Meiosis – two divisions of the nucleus 46 Parent Cell 1st Division 46 46 2nd Division – 4 new daughter cells with ½ the # of chromosomes 23 23 23 23

  22. Meiosis continued • Diploid Cells: have two of every chromosome (body cells) • Haploid Cells: have just one chromosome from each pair (gametes)

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